1903 French- and US-supported establishment of the Republic of Panama
"Independence of Panama" redirects here. For Panama's brief independence from Spain in 1821, see Independence of Panama from Spain.
Map showing the shrinking territory of Gran Colombia from 1824 (colored areas, including Venezuela and Ecuador) to 1890 (red line) and the Cundinamarca region. Panama seceded in 1903 from Colombia, and comprises the yellow area in the Central American isthmus.
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The separation of Panama from Colombia was formalized on 3 November 1903, with the establishment of the Republic of Panama. From the Independence of Panama from Spain in 1821, Panama had simultaneously declared independence from Spain and joined itself to the confederation of Gran Colombia through the Independence Act of Panama. Panama was always tenuously connected to the rest of the country to the south, owing to its remoteness from the government in Bogotá and lack of a practical overland connection to the rest of Gran Colombia. In 1840–41, a short-lived independent republic was established under Tomás de Herrera. After rejoining Colombia following a 13-month independence, it remained a province which saw frequent rebellious flare-ups, notably the Panama crisis of 1885, which saw the intervention of the United States Navy, and a reaction by the Chilean Navy.
During the construction of the Panama Canal, the initial attempts by France to construct a sea-level canal across the isthmus were secured through treaty with Colombia; however French cost overruns and corruption in the Panama scandals led to abandonment of the canal for a decade. During the intervening years, local separatists used the political instability of the Thousand Days' War to agitate for political separation from Colombia and establishment of an independent republic. When the United States sought to take over the canal project, the government of Colombia proved difficult to work with, and with the cooperation of French financier Philippe-Jean Bunau-Varilla, Panama simultaneously declared independence from Colombia and negotiated a treaty granting the U.S. the right to construct the canal.
The United States was the first country to recognize the independence of the nascent republic, sending the U.S. Navy to prevent Colombia from retaking the territory during the early days of the new Republic. In exchange for its role in defending the Republic, and for constructing the canal, the U.S. was granted a perpetual lease on the land around the canal, known as the Panama Canal Zone, which was returned to Panama in 1999 under the terms of the Torrijos–Carter Treaties.
After the United States, many other nations quickly recognized the independent republic, though Colombia refused to do so until 1909, after receiving a $500,000 concession from Panama to cover its share of the debts it owed at independence.
and 24 Related for: Separation of Panama from Colombia information
The separationofPanamafromColombia was formalized on 3 November 1903, with the establishment of the Republic ofPanama. From the Independence of Panama...
heads of state ofPanama since the short-lived first independence from the Republic of New Granada in 1840 and the final separationfromColombia in 1903...
Spain. It is a reaction to the involvement of the United States during the SeparationofPanamafromColombia. Acereda, Alberto; Guevara, Rigoberto (2004)...
of 1846, and actively supported the separationofPanamafromColombia. Shortly after recognizing Panama, he signed a treaty with the new Panamanian government...
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list of wars involving the Republic ofColombia and its predecessor states from Pre-Hispanic times to the present day. "Territorial history of the country"...
Amador, wife of one of the heroes of the SeparationofPanamafromColombia, the original design of the Coat of Arms; and the first score of the National...
southern end of Central America, bordering South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast (Colombia–Panama border), the...
countries established relations on December 18, 1903, after the SeparationofPanamafromColombia. Relations have continued since, with both countries having...
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discussed at length the November 1903 separationofPanamafromColombia and the importance of building a Panama Canal. Roosevelt stated, "For four hundred...
The Isthmus ofPanama (Spanish: Istmo de Panamá), also historically known as the Isthmus of Darien (Istmo de Darién), is the narrow strip of land that lies...
the SeparationofPanamafromColombia. Relations have continued since, with both countries having close ties both historically and currently. List of ambassadors...
around the time of the French Revolution—under the direction of its great exponents, James Gillray and Thomas Rowlandson, both from London. Gillray explored...
of the Veraguas province of Spanish power. On November 9, 1903 at 3:30 pm, in the city, signed the Act of Accession to the separationofPanamafrom Colombia...
thereby guaranteeing the separationofPanamafromColombia and his creation of the Panamanian state. Following the signing of the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty...
Honduras 3 November – SeparationofPanamafromColombia 5 November – Colon, Panama 10–11 November – Uprising of Los Santos, Panama 19 November – Garifuna...
during the time of Union to Colombia. After the SeparationofPanamafromColombia and after returning from a hearing by the London Public Registry, the...
Friday 1 May – Labour Day 3 November – Separation Day fromColombia 5 November – Colon Day 10–11 November – Uprising of Los Santos 28 November – Independence...
Ocean—"from sea to shining sea"—largely defining the borders of the continental United States as they are today. One of the goals of the War of 1812 was...
Department ofPanama (Spanish: Departamento de Panamá), was one of the departments of the Republic of Gran Colombia and later of the Republic ofColombia. It...
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