A selection gradient describes the relationship between a character trait and a species' relative fitness.[1] A trait may be a physical characteristic, such as height or eye color, or behavioral, such as flying or vocalizing. Changes in a trait, such as the amount of seeds a plant produces or the length of a bird's beak, may improve or reduce their relative fitness. Changes in traits may accumulate in a population under an ongoing process of natural selection. Understanding how changes in a trait affect fitness helps evolutionary biologists understand the nature of evolutionary pressures on a population.[2][3]
^Lande, Russell; Arnold, Stevan J. (1983). "The Measurement of Selection on Correlated Characters". Evolution. 37 (6): 1210–1226. doi:10.2307/2408842. ISSN 0014-3820. JSTOR 2408842. PMID 28556011.
^Lenski, Richard E. (2017-04-20). "What is adaptation by natural selection? Perspectives of an experimental microbiologist". PLOS Genetics. 13 (4): e1006668. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006668. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 5398481. PMID 28426692.
^Gregory, T. Ryan (2009-06-01). "Understanding Natural Selection: Essential Concepts and Common Misconceptions". Evolution: Education and Outreach. 2 (2): 156–175. doi:10.1007/s12052-009-0128-1. ISSN 1936-6434.
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