The Sardis bilingual inscription is a 4th-century BCE bilingual Lydian-Aramaic funerary inscription discovered in 1912, during the investigation by the American Society for the Excavation of Sardis. It was found in Sardis, in Manisa, Turkey.
It was the "Rosetta Stone" for the decipherment of the Lydian language.[1]
The Aramaic inscription begins by stating the date as the tenth year of Artaxerxes, considered to be Artaxerxes II, such that the inscription has been dated by scholars to 394 BCE.
It is currently in the İzmir Archaeology Museum.
The Aramaic inscription is known as KAI 260. An analysis of the inscription was first published in 1917 by Stanley Arthur Cook.[2]
It was found in a secondary location, having been reused in the Greek or Roman era to build a thick low wall on the "northern slope of the Nekropolis hill west of the Paktolos" along with a dozen other inscriptions.[3]
^Woudhuizen, 2005, p. 119
^Cook, 1917
^Sardis VI: "Both pieces were discovered in a thick low wall on the northern slope of the Nekropolis hill west of the Paktolos, about 40 m. above the ravine on which faced the "Stele tomb" (see I, 25 and Vol. I, i p. 116) and about 15 m. above that tomb. In the same wall were also embedded our 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, II, 13, 17, 18 and 19 (in all twelve inscriptions), the flat slabs having been used to strengthen the sides and corners."
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