Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley information
Ancient Persian conquest in the Indian subcontinent
Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley
Map of ancient India, c. 500 BCE, with the Persian frontier delineated along the Indus River and the Jhelum River[1][2][3][4]
Date
c. 535/518 BCE – 323 BCE[1]
Location
Indus Valley
Result
Persian victory
Territorial changes
Annexation of the Indus Valley by the Persians
Belligerents
Achaemenid Empire
Gandhara Kambojas
Commanders and leaders
Cyrus the Great Darius the Great
Various
Strength
Unknown
Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown
Unknown
Around 535 BCE, the Persian king Cyrus the Great initiated a protracted campaign to absorb parts of India into his nascent Achaemenid Empire.[1] In this initial incursion, the Persian army annexed a large region to the west of the Indus River, consolidating the early eastern borders of their new realm. With a brief pause after Cyrus' death around 530 BCE, the campaign continued under Darius the Great, who began to re-conquer former provinces and further expand the Achaemenid Empire's political boundaries. Around 518 BCE, the Persian army pushed further into India to initiate a second period of conquest by annexing regions up to the Jhelum River in what is today known as Punjab.[6] At peak, the Persians managed to take control of most of modern-day Pakistan and incorporate it into their territory.
The first secure epigraphic evidence through the Behistun Inscription gives a date before or around 518 BCE. Persian penetration into the Indian subcontinent occurred in multiple stages, beginning from the northern parts of the Indus River and moving southward.[7] As mentioned in several Achaemenid-era inscriptions, the Indus Valley was formally incorporated into the Persian realm through provincial divisions: Gandāra, Hindush, and Sattagydia.
Persian rule over the Indus Valley decreased over successive rulers and formally ended with the Greek conquest of Persia, led by Alexander the Great. This brief period gave rise to independent Indian kings, such as Abisares, Porus, and Ambhi, as well as numerous gaṇasaṅghas, which would later confront the Macedonian army as it massed into the region for Alexander's Indian campaign.[1] The Achaemenid Empire set a precedence of governance through the use of satrapies,[8] which was further implemented by Alexander's Macedonian Empire, the Indo-Scythians, and the Kushan Empire.
^ abcdSen, Ancient Indian History and Civilization 1999, pp. 116–117.
^Philip's Atlas of World History (1999)
^O'Brien, Patrick Karl (2002). Atlas of World History. Oxford University Press. p. 43. ISBN 9780195219210.
^Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 15. ISBN 0226742210.
^Errington, Elizabeth; Trust, Ancient India and Iran; Museum, Fitzwilliam (1992). The Crossroads of Asia: transformation in image and symbol in the art of ancient Afghanistan and Pakistan. Ancient India and Iran Trust. p. 56. ISBN 9780951839911.
^André-Salvini, Béatrice (2005). Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24731-4.
^(Fussman, 1993, p. 84).[full citation needed] "This is inferred from the fact that Gandhara (OPers. Gandāra) is already mentioned at Bisotun, while the toponym Hinduš (Sindhu) is added only in later inscriptions."
^Briant, Pierre (2002-07-21). From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-1-57506-574-8.
and 27 Related for: Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley information
beginning from the northern parts oftheIndus River and moving southward. As mentioned in several Achaemenid-era inscriptions, theIndusValley was formally...
in lower IndusValley established after theAchaemenidconquest circa 500 BC. According to the ancient Greek historian Herodotus, it was the "easternmost...
located in the Uttarapatha division.[citation needed] AchaemenidconquestoftheIndusValley According to Gupta (1980) this is a non-Indian face of a foreigner...
original expansion of Cyrus the Great, and theAchaemenidconquestoftheIndusValley is dated to circa 515 BC under Darius I. An Achaemenid administration...
The Ghazipur landfill is a landfill waste dumping site established in 1984. It is located in Ghazipur, a village in the eastern district of Delhi, India...
of possible ritualised music. The Harappan people oftheIndusValley Civilisation, which lasted from 3300 to 1400 BCE and was centered on theIndus and...
61667; 77.20833 The Rajya Sabha, constitutionally the Council of States, is the upper house ofthe bicameral Parliament of India. As of 2023[update], it...
Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) is one ofthe leading stock exchanges in India, based in Mumbai. NSE is under the ownership of various financial...
that the people ofthe Buddha were Saka soldiers who arrived in South Asia in the army of Darius the Great during theAchaemenidconquestoftheIndus Valley...
between the union government and the states. India's democracy is the largest democracy in the world. The President of India is the ceremonial head of state...
India was the 19th most electoral democratic country in Asia according to V-Dem Democracy indices in 2023 with a score of 0.399 out of 1. The Economist...
history of India Kurukshetra War, war mentioned in the Indian epic Mahabharata Iranian invasion of India or AchaemenidconquestoftheIndusValley Greek...
August 2020. Kashmir Stag (Hangul) "Eravikulam National Park". "Silent Valley - Kerala Forest Dept". "PM inaugurates two national parks in Pakistan Occupied...
The national flag of India, colloquially called Tiraṅgā (the tricolour), is a horizontal rectangular tricolour flag, the colours being of India saffron...
the majority of Central Asia to the northeast, and theIndusValley to the southeast. Around the 7th century BC, the region of Persis in the southwestern...
The following is a partial list ofvalleys in India, listed alphabetically. Many of these valleys in India are named after the river that flows through...
speaking the Kashmiri language and originating from the Kashmir Valley, which is today located in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. The earliest...
The National Security Guard (NSG), commonly known as Black Cats, is a counter-terrorism unit of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It was founded...
concentrate instead of espresso. Tea was introduced to India by the British as a popular beverage. Tea plants have grown wild in the Assam region since...
is the head of state & first citizen of India and the Prime Minister of India is the head of government. It is based on the federal structure of government...