Ruler of Mesopotamian kingdom of Hatra from c. 140 to c. 180
Sanatruq I
Malka
Statue of Sanatruq I, Erbil Civilization Museum
King of Hatra
Reign
140–180
Predecessor
Naṣru (as governor of Hatra)
Successor
Abdsamiya
Died
180
Father
Naṣru
Sanatruq I (also spelled Sanatruk I; Hatran Aramaic: 𐣮𐣭𐣨𐣣𐣥𐣲) was the first king of Hatra, an ancient city in northern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq).
He is known from more than 20 inscriptions found at Hatra and reigned from about 140 to 180. Only one of his inscriptions is dated (year 176/177). He was the son of Naṣru who governed Hatra from about 128 to 140.[1] Sanatruq I was one of the first rulers of Hatra calling himself 𐣬𐣫𐣪 malka ("king"), but he bears also the title 𐣬𐣣𐣩𐣠 mry' (administrator).[2] He was granted the title of king by his Parthian overlord Vologases IV (r. 147–191), due to the increasing strategic importance of the city during that period.[3][4] Indeed, during the 2nd-century Hatra blossomed, serving as an important religious and commercial centre. The city was well fortified, previously successfully containing the attacks of the Roman emperor Trajan (r. 98–117) thrice.[5] Hatra would remain a dependency of the Parthians until the emergence of the Sasanian Empire in 224.[6]
Both of Sanatruq I's titles are also attested for his brother Wolgash. It is unclear whether they both reigned together and took of the title king of Arabs.[1] Sanatruq I's name (meaning "he who defeats enemies")[7] is of Iranian origin, a typical name used by the royal Parthian family, and a testament to the strong Parthian influence in Hatra.[8][6] It was most likely under Sanatruq I that the Square Building of Hatra was constructed. The building bears many similarities to the later Sasanian fire temples.[9]
Sanatruq I was succeeded by Abdsamiya.[1] The relation between the two rulers are uncertain; there is no evidence of them being from the same dynasty. Abdsamiya never used the name of his father. However, the name of Abdsamiya's successor was Sanatruq II, which may suggest a continuation of Sanatruq I's line.[10] The Hatran statues commemorating Sanatruq I and his dynasty were not removed, which indicates if a change of dynasty occurred, it was non-violent.[10]
Սանատրուկ), or Sanatruq (Aramaicized), may refer to: Sanatruces of Parthia Sanatruces II of Parthia Sanatruk, Arsacid king of Armenia SanatruqI, king of Hatra...
from about AD 180 to 205. Abdsamiya was the son of king SanatruqI and the father of Sanatruq II. Abdsamiya is known from eight inscriptions found at...
From left to right, an unidentified ruler, Hermes, a female deity, and SanatruqI.From Hatra. Erbil Civilization Museum Door lintel from Hatra. 2nd-3rd...
the same names used by the Arsacid kings, such as Worod, Walagash and Sanatruq. The local populace also dressed in Parthian clothing, used Parthian jewellery...
brother SanatruqI. It is unclear whether they both reigned together and took the title king at some point in their reign, or whether Sanatruq succeeded...
Behistun, most likely Vologases III (r. c. 110–147 AD) Victory relief of SanatruqI. He is using a small altar at his feet. Military commander from the city...
Shu-Sin, king of Ur, Ur III. From Mesopotamia, Erbil Civilization Museum SanatruqI, 2nd century AD. From Hatra. Erbil Civilization Museum, Iraqi Kurdistan...
Hatra: The Sasanians besiege the capital of the Kingdom of Hatra ruled by Sanatruq II. Maharaja Sri-Gupta becomes ruler of the Gupta Empire (approximate date)...
dating between 100 BC and the mid-3rd century AD, coinciding with Shapur I's destruction of Hatra in 241 AD and Assur in 257 AD. As a result of Hatra...
Chinese emperor of the Cao Wei state in the Three Kingdoms period (d. 260) Sanatruq II, king of Hatra (Ending of the Kingdom of Hatra) Sun Deng, Chinese prince...
the Kingdom of Hatra under Sanatruq II, took place in the 3rd century after a lengthy siege by the Sasanian king Shapur I. Hatra was plundered and abandoned...
Hatra: The Sasanians besiege the capital of the Kingdom of Hatra ruled by Sanatruq II. Maharaja Sri-Gupta becomes ruler of the Gupta Empire (approximate date)...
the 3rd century, Ardashir I, the first ruler of the Sassanid dynasty, marched on Oman and Bahrain, where he defeated Sanatruq the ruler of Bahrain. Bahrain...
Oman and Bahrain and defeated Sanatruq (or Satiran), probably the Parthian governor of Bahrain. He appointed his son Shapur I as governor. Shapur constructed...
Museum Throne dais of Shalmaneser III from Fort Shalmaneser Statue of Sanatruq, king of Hatra Iraq Museum, Baghdad, Iraq Iraq Museum, Baghdad, Iraq Iraq...
Oman and Bahrain and defeated Sanatruq (or Satiran), probably the Parthian governor of Bahrain. He appointed his son Shapur I as governor of Bahrain. Shapur...
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