See also: Indo-Persian culture and Turko-Persian tradition
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History of Greater Iran
Pre-Islamic
BCE / BC
Prehistory
Kura–Araxes culture
c. 3400 – c. 2000
Proto-Elamite civilization
3200–2800
Elamite dynasties
2800–550
Jiroft culture
Mannaea
Lullubi/Zamua
Gutians
Cyrtian
Corduene
Bactria–Margiana Complex
2200–1700
Avestan period
c. 1500 BCE – 500 BCE
Kingdom of Mannai
10th–7th century
Neo-Assyrian Empire
911–609
Urartu
860–590
Median Empire
728–550
Scythian Kingdom
652–625
Achaemenid Empire
550–330
Ancient kingdom of Armenia
331 BCE – 428 CE
Seleucid Empire
330–150
Caucasian Iberia
c. 302 BCE – 580 CE
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
250–125
Parthian Empire
248 BCE–224 CE
Caucasian Albania
2nd century BCE – 8th century CE
Roman Empire
27 BCE – 330 CE
CE / AD
Kushan Empire
30–275
Sasanian Empire
224–651
Afrighid dynasty
305–995
Hephthalite Empire
425–557
Kabul Shahi kingdom
565–879
Dabuyid dynasty
642–760
Bagratid Armenia
880s – 1045
Alania
8th/9th century – 1238 / 9
Kingdom of Georgia
1008–1490
Islamic
Rashidun Caliphate
637–651
Umayyad Caliphate
661–750
Abbasid Caliphate
750–1258
Shirvanshah
799–1607
Tahirid dynasty
821–873
Dulafid dynasty
840–897
Zaydis of Tabaristan
864–928
Saffarid dynasty
861–1003
Samanid Empire
819–999
Sajid dynasty
889/90–929
Ziyarid dynasty
928–1043
Buyid dynasty
934–1055
Sallarid dynasty
941–1062
Ghaznavid Empire
975–1187
Ghurid dynasty
pre-879 – 1215
Seljuk Empire
1037–1194
Khwarazmian dynasty
1077–1231
Sultanate of Rum
1077–1307
Salghurids
1148–1282
Ilkhanate
1256–1353
Kart dynasty
1231–1389
Ottoman Empire
1299–1923
Muzaffarid dynasty
1314–1393
Chupanid dynasty
1337–1357
Jalairid Sultanate
1339–1432
Timurid Empire
1370–1507
Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans
1407–1468
Aq Qoyunlu Turcomans
1378–1508
Safavid Empire
1501–1722
Mughal Empire
1526–1857
Hotak dynasty
1722–1729
Afsharid Iran
1736–1750
Zand dynasty
1750–1794
Durrani Empire
1794–1826
Qajar Iran
1794–1925
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This article contains Persian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.
Greater Iran or Greater Persia (Persian: ایران بزرگIrān-e Bozorg), also called the Iranosphere or the Persosphere, is an expression that denotes a wide socio-cultural region comprising parts of West Asia, the Caucasus, Central Asia, South Asia, and East Asia (specifically Xinjiang)—all of which have been impacted, to some degree, by the Iranian peoples and the Iranian languages.[1][2] It is defined by having been long-ruled by the dynasties of various Iranian empires,[note 1][3][4][5] under whom the local populaces gradually incorporated some degree of Iranian influence into their cultural and/or linguistic traditions;[note 2] or alternatively as where a considerable number of Iranians settled to still maintain communities who patronize their respective cultures,[note 3] geographically corresponding to the areas surrounding the Iranian plateau.[6][7] It is referred to as the "Iranian Cultural Continent" by Encyclopædia Iranica.[8]
Throughout the 16th–19th centuries, Iran lost many of the territories that had been conquered under the Safavids and Qajars. The Ottoman–Iranian Wars resulted in the loss of present-day Iraq to the Ottoman Empire, as outlined in the Treaty of Amasya in 1555 and the Treaty of Zuhab in 1639. Simultaneously, the Russo-Iranian Wars resulted in the loss of the Caucasus to the Russian Empire: the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813 saw Iran cede present-day Dagestan, Georgia, and most of Azerbaijan;[9][10][11] and the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828 saw Iran cede present-day Armenia, the remainder of Azerbaijan, and Iğdır, setting the northern boundary along the Aras River.[12][13] Parts of Afghanistan were lost to the British Empire through the Treaty of Paris in 1857 and the McMahon Arbitration in 1905.[14][15]
^Frye, Richard Nelson (1962). "Reitzenstein and Qumrân Revisited by an Iranian, Richard Nelson Frye, The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 55, No. 4 (Oct. 1962), pp. 261–268". The Harvard Theological Review. 55 (4): 261–268. doi:10.1017/S0017816000007926. JSTOR 1508723. S2CID 162213219.
^Marcinkowski, Christoph (2010). Shi'ite Identities: Community and Culture in Changing Social Contexts. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 83. ISBN 978-3-643-80049-7.
^"Interview with Richard N. Frye (CNN)". Archived from the original on 2016-04-23.
^Richard Nelson Frye, The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 55, No. 4 (Oct. 1962), pp. 261–268 I use the term Iran in an historical context[...]Persia would be used for the modern state, more or less equivalent to "western Iran". I use the term "Greater Iran" to mean what I suspect most Classicists and ancient historians really mean by their use of Persia—that which was within the political boundaries of States ruled by Iranians.
^"IRAN i. LANDS OF IRAN". Encyclopædia Iranica.
^Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary. Clive Holes. 2001. Page XXX. ISBN 978-90-04-10763-2.
^"Columbia College Today". columbia.edu. Archived from the original on 2015-11-27. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
^India. Foreign and Political Dept. (1892). A Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sunnuds, Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries: Persia and the Persian Gulf. G. A. Savielle and P. M. Cranenburgh, Bengal Print. Co. pp. x (10). treaty of gulistan.
^Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). Historical Dictionary of Georgia. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 348–349. ISBN 978-1-4422-4146-6. Persia lost all its territories to the north of the Aras River, which included all of Georgia, and parts of Armenia and Azerbaijan.
^Olsen, James Stuart; Shadle, Robert (1991). Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-313-26257-9. In 1813 Iran signed the Treaty of Gulistan, ceding Georgia to Russia.
^Roxane Farmanfarmaian (2008). War and peace in Qajar Persia: implications past and present. Psychology Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-203-93830-0.
^Fisher et al. 1991, p. 329.
^Erik Goldstein (1992). Wars and peace treaties, 1816-1991. Psychology Press. pp. 72–73. ISBN 978-0-203-97682-1.
^Sir Percy Molesworth Sykes (1915). A history of Persia, Volume 2. Macmillan and co. p. 469. Macmahon arbitration persia.
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may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. GreaterIran or Greater Persia (Persian: ایران بزرگ Irān-e Bozorg), also called the Iranosphere or the Persosphere...
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