5th-7th–century nomadic ethnic group north of the Caucasus
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Near East in 500 AD, showing the Sabirs and neighboring peoples.
The Sabirs (Savirs, Suars, Sawar, Sawirk among others; (Greek: Σάβιροι,[1]) were a nomadic Turkic equestrian people who lived in the north of the Caucasus beginning in the late-5th -7th century, on the eastern shores of the Black Sea, in the Kuban area,[2] and possibly came from Western Siberia.[3][4][5] They were skilled in warfare, used siege machinery,[6] had a large army (including women[7]) and were boat-builders.[8] They were also referred to as Huns, a title applied to various Eurasian nomadic tribes in the Pontic-Caspian Steppe during late antiquity. Sabirs led incursions into Transcaucasia in the late-400s/early-500s, but quickly began serving as soldiers and mercenaries during the Byzantine-Sasanian Wars on both sides. Their alliance with the Byzantines laid the basis for the later Khazar-Byzantine alliance.[9]
^Golden 1980, p. 256.
^Maenchen-Helfen 1973, p. 432.
^Sinor 1990, p. 200–201.
^Golden 1992, p. 104.
^Golden 2011, p. 146.
^Golden 2011, p. 112.
^Golden 2011, p. 91.
^Golden 2011, p. 113:In the 559 siege of Thracian Chersonese they fashioned small boats
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