Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections information

Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections was a matter of concern at the highest level of national security within the United States government, in addition to the computer and social media industries.^[1]^[2] In 2020, the RAND Corporation was one of the first to release research^[3] describing Russia's playbook for interfering in U.S. elections,^[4] developed machine-learning tools to detect the interference, and tested strategies to counter Russian interference.^[5]^[6] In February and August 2020, United States Intelligence Community (USIC) experts warned members of Congress that Russia was interfering in the 2020 presidential election in then-President Donald Trump's favor.^[7]^[8]^[9] USIC analysis released by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) in March 2021 found that proxies of Russian intelligence promoted and laundered misleading or unsubstantiated narratives about Joe Biden "to US media organizations, US officials, and prominent US individuals, including some close to former President Trump and his administration."^[10]^[11] The New York Times reported in May 2021 that federal investigators in Brooklyn began a criminal investigation late in the Trump administration into possible efforts by several current and former Ukrainian officials to spread unsubstantiated allegations about corruption by Joe Biden, including whether they had used Trump personal attorney Rudy Giuliani as a channel.^[12]

^ Kroll, Andy (January 17, 2020). "Hackers Are Coming for the 2020 Election — And We're Not Ready". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on January 17, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
^ Foer, Franklin (June 2020). "Putin Is Well on His Way to Stealing the Next Election". The Atlantic. ISSN 1072-7825. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
^ Monica, 1776 Main Street Santa; California 90401-3208. "Analyzing Election Disinformation Efforts". www.rand.org. Retrieved August 5, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ Posard, Marek N.; Kepe, Marta; Reininger, Hilary; Marrone, James V.; Helmus, Todd C.; Reimer, Jordan R. (October 1, 2020). "From Consensus to Conflict: Understanding Foreign Measures Targeting U.S. Elections". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Helmus, Todd C.; Marrone, James V.; Posard, Marek N.; Schlang, Danielle (October 15, 2020). "Russian Propaganda Hits Its Mark: Experimentally Testing the Impact of Russian Propaganda and Counter-Interventions". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Posard, Marek N.; Reininger, Hilary; Helmus, Todd C. (March 29, 2021). "Countering Foreign Interference in U.S. Elections". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Desiderio, Andrew (March 8, 2020). "Senators say intel officials will give more details on 2020 election interference". Politico. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020.
^ "Statement by NCSC Director William Evanina: Election Threat Update for the American Public". www.dni.gov. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. August 7, 2020. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020.
^ Pickrell, Sonam; Sheth, Ryan (August 7, 2020). "US intel community believes Russia wants Biden to lose the 2020 election while China wants him to win". Business Insider. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
^ Cohen, Zachary; Cohen, Marshall; Polantz, Katelyn (March 17, 2021). "US intelligence report says Russia used Trump allies to influence 2020 election with goal of 'denigrating' Biden". CNN. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
^ Cite error: The named reference Collinson_3/17/2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Rashbaum, William K.; Protess, Ben; Vogel, Kenneth P.; Hong, Nicole (May 27, 2021). "Prosecutors Investigating Whether Ukrainians Meddled in 2020 Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 16, 2022.

[1] Kroll, Andy (January 17, 2020). "Hackers Are Coming for the 2020 Election — And We're Not Ready". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on January 17, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2020.

[2] Foer, Franklin (June 2020). "Putin Is Well on His Way to Stealing the Next Election". The Atlantic. ISSN 1072-7825. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2020.

[3] Monica, 1776 Main Street Santa; California 90401-3208. "Analyzing Election Disinformation Efforts". www.rand.org. Retrieved August 5, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[4] Posard, Marek N.; Kepe, Marta; Reininger, Hilary; Marrone, James V.; Helmus, Todd C.; Reimer, Jordan R. (October 1, 2020). "From Consensus to Conflict: Understanding Foreign Measures Targeting U.S. Elections". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[5] Helmus, Todd C.; Marrone, James V.; Posard, Marek N.; Schlang, Danielle (October 15, 2020). "Russian Propaganda Hits Its Mark: Experimentally Testing the Impact of Russian Propaganda and Counter-Interventions". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[6] Posard, Marek N.; Reininger, Hilary; Helmus, Todd C. (March 29, 2021). "Countering Foreign Interference in U.S. Elections". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[7] Desiderio, Andrew (March 8, 2020). "Senators say intel officials will give more details on 2020 election interference". Politico. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020.

[8] "Statement by NCSC Director William Evanina: Election Threat Update for the American Public". www.dni.gov. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. August 7, 2020. Archived from the original on November 19, 2020.

[9] Pickrell, Sonam; Sheth, Ryan (August 7, 2020). "US intel community believes Russia wants Biden to lose the 2020 election while China wants him to win". Business Insider. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020.

[:2-10] Cohen, Zachary; Cohen, Marshall; Polantz, Katelyn (March 17, 2021). "US intelligence report says Russia used Trump allies to influence 2020 election with goal of 'denigrating' Biden". CNN. Retrieved March 19, 2021.

[Collinson_3/17/2021-11] Cite error: The named reference Collinson_3/17/2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[12] Rashbaum, William K.; Protess, Ben; Vogel, Kenneth P.; Hong, Nicole (May 27, 2021). "Prosecutors Investigating Whether Ukrainians Meddled in 2020 Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 16, 2022.

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