Computer system that provides behavior needed by running code
This article is about the infrastructure required to run programs. For the execution phase of software applications, see Runtime (program lifecycle phase).
Program execution
General concepts
Code
Translation
Compiler
Compile time
Optimizing compiler
Intermediate representation (IR)
Execution
Runtime system
Runtime
Executable
Interpreter
Virtual machine
Types of code
Source code
Object code
Bytecode
Machine code
Microcode
Compilation strategies
Ahead-of-time (AOT)
Just-in-time (JIT)
Tracing just-in-time
Compile and go system
Precompilation
Transcompilation
Recompilation
Notable runtimes
Android Runtime (ART)
BEAM
Common Language Runtime (CLR) and Mono
CPython and PyPy
crt0
Java virtual machine (JVM)
LuaJIT
Objective-C and Swift's
V8 and Node.js
Zend Engine
TempleOS
Notable compilers & toolchains
GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)
LLVM and Clang
MSVC
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In computer programming, a runtime system or runtime environment is a sub-system that exists both in the computer where a program is created, as well as in the computers where the program is intended to be run. The name comes from the compile time and runtime division from compiled languages, which similarly distinguishes the computer processes involved in the creation of a program (compilation) and its execution in the target machine (the runtime).[1]
Most programming languages have some form of runtime system that provides an environment in which programs run. This environment may address a number of issues including the management of application memory, how the program accesses variables, mechanisms for passing parameters between procedures, interfacing with the operating system (OS), and otherwise. The compiler makes assumptions depending on the specific runtime system to generate correct code. Typically the runtime system will have some responsibility for setting up and managing the stack and heap, and may include features such as garbage collection, threads or other dynamic features built into the language.[1]
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In computer programming, a runtimesystem or runtime environment is a sub-system that exists both in the computer where a program is created, as well...
program is executing Runtime library, a program library designed to implement functions built into a programming language Runtimesystem, software designed...
it to the runtime environment or operating system. However, sometimes the term runtime library is meant to include the code of the runtime environment...
supported Java releases available from Oracle are based on the OpenJDK runtime. Eclipse OpenJ9 is another open source JVM for OpenJDK. The Java virtual...
The Common Language Runtime (CLR), the virtual machine component of Microsoft .NET Framework, manages the execution of .NET programs. Just-in-time compilation...
also utilized in some servers and a variety of apps. The most popular runtimesystem for non-browser usage is Node.js. JavaScript is a high-level, often...
Adobe AIR (also known as Adobe Integrated Runtime and codenamed Apollo) is a cross-platform runtimesystem currently developed by Harman International...
Language Runtime. All of them can serve as an abstraction layer for any computer language.[citation needed] A special case of process VMs are systems that...
Android Runtime (ART) is an application runtime environment used by the Android operating system. Replacing Dalvik, the process virtual machine originally...
CODESYS Control RuntimeSystem, intelligent devices can be programmed with CODESYS. A fee-based toolkit provides this runtimesystem as source and object...
and strings). Executable files typically also include a runtimesystem, which implements runtime language features (such as task scheduling, exception handling...
browsers; for example, the V8 engine is a core component of the Node.js runtimesystem. Since ECMAScript is the standardized specification of JavaScript, ECMAScript...
language's runtimesystem. The runtimesystem may be a library, which is called by instructions inserted by the compiler, or the runtimesystem may be embedded...
Dapr (Distributed Application Runtime) is a free and open source runtimesystem designed to support cloud native and serverless computing. Its initial...
portable. Some systems, called dynamic translators, or just-in-time (JIT) compilers, translate bytecode into machine code as necessary at runtime. This makes...
compilation, as opposed to concepts related to the context of program execution (runtime). For example, compile-time requirements are programming language requirements...
programs execute under the control of the runtimesystem, which is part of the SAP kernel. The runtimesystem is responsible for processing ABAP statements...
provided by a full-blown runtime, such as type activation. That is, WinRT is an "API delivery system". Apps using the Windows Runtime may run inside a sandboxed...
most basic parts of the runtime library. As such, the exact work it performs depends on the program's compiler, operating system and C standard library...
component testing, integration testing, system testing (automated/scripted or manual), or penetration testing. Runtime error detection can identify defects...
mix, the main program needed to be in BASIC to support the internal runtimesystem that compiled BASIC required for garbage collection and its other managed...
requirements, while conventional programs are run by a runtimesystem overlaid on an operating system. For a given application, in most of the cases, a bare-metal...
otherwise falling back to a default implementation provided by the language runtimesystem (environment). Intrinsic functions are often used to explicitly implement...
software command. Booting is complete when the operative runtimesystem, typically the operating system and some applications, is attained. The process of returning...
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