Rhizopus is a genus of common saprophytic fungi on plants and specialized parasites on animals. They are found in a wide variety of organic substances, including "mature fruits and vegetables",[2] jellies, syrups, leather, bread, peanuts, and tobacco. They are multicellular. Some Rhizopus species are opportunistic human pathogens that often cause fatal disease called mucormycosis. This widespread genus includes at least eight species.[3][4]
Rhizopus 400x magnification
Rhizopus species grow as filamentous, branching hyphae that generally lack cross-walls (i.e., they are coenocytic). They reproduce by forming asexual and sexual spores. In asexual reproduction, sporangiospores are produced inside a spherical structure, the sporangium. Sporangia are supported by a large apophysate columella atop a long stalk, the sporangiophore. Sporangiophores arise among distinctive, root-like rhizoids. In sexual reproduction, a dark zygospore is produced at the point where two compatible mycelia fuse. Upon germination, a zygospore produces colonies that are genetically different from either parent.
Rhizopus oligosporus is used to make tempeh, a fermented food derived from soybeans.
Rhizopus oryzae is used in the production of alcoholic beverages in parts of Asia and Africa.
Rhizopus stolonifer (black bread mold) causes fruit rot on strawberry, tomato, and Sweet potato and is used in commercial production of fumaric acid and cortisone.
Various species, including R. stolonifer, may cause soft rot in sweet potatoes and Narcissus.
Rhizopus helps in nutrient development since this species is grown in soil it ferments the fruits and vegetable in the soil inhibiting the growth and develops certain pathogens that inhibits the growth of toxigenic fungus.[5] In addition to that, there is even a type of Rhizopus (Rhizopus microsporus-fermented soybean tempe) that has proven to reduce colon carcinogenesis in rats by elevating factors of mucins, immunoglobulin A, and organic acids and give protection to piglets from Escherichia coli-infection by inhibiting adhesion to the intestinal membranes. [6]
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^Dwi Endrawati, Dwi Endrawati. "Several Functions of Rhizopus sp on Increasing Nutritional Value of Feed Ingredient". June 2017.
^Yang, Yongshou (2018). "The effects of tempe fermented with Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus oryzae, or Rhizopus stolonifer on the colonic luminal environment in rats". Journal of Functional Foods. 49: 162–167. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.017. S2CID 91791814.
Ehrenberg in 1818 as Rhizopus nigricans. The name was changed in 1902 to Rhizopus stolonifer by the French mycologist J. P. Vuillemin. Rhizopus stolonifer has...
present considered to be a domesticated form of Rhizopus microsporus, resulting in a synonym of Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus. R. microsporus produces...
causing mucormycosis. Rhizopus oryzae was discovered by Frits Went and Hendrik Coenraad Prinsen Geerligs in 1895. The genus Rhizopus (family Mucoraceae)...
necrotrophic pathogens. Rhizopus microsporus is similarly one of three common Rhizopus species to cause the disease Rhizopus Head Rot in confectionery...
"Ultrastructural Details in Germinating Sporangiospores of Rhizopus stolonifer and Rhizopus arrhizus". Journal of Bacteriology. 95 (6): 2365–2373. doi:10...
fermentation process that binds soybeans into a cake form. A fungus, Rhizopus oligosporus or Rhizopus oryzae, is used in the fermentation process and is also known...
Rhizopus niveus is a filamentous fungi that can be found almost anywhere in the world. It is used in industry for the production of enzymes. Rhizopus...
postharvest storage period and during shipping. The most common are Rhizopus soft rot (Rhizopus stolonifer), bacterial soft rot (Erwinia chrysanthemii), Fusarium...
in culture media. A common example of a zygomycete is black bread mold (Rhizopus stolonifer), a member of the Mucorales. It spreads over the surface of...
a 2023 American psychological horror thriller film Black bread mold (Rhizopus stolonifer), a widely distributed thread-like mucoralean mold commonly...
to reduce the cholesterol levels of rats. Black oncom is made by using Rhizopus oligosporus while red oncom is made by using Neurospora intermedia var...
microbial rennet for making vegetarian and other cheeses Rhizopus oligosporus – tempeh Rhizopus oryzae – tempeh, jiuqu for jiuniang or precursor for making...
zygospore is formed by the fusion of two gametes. Examples are Mucor, Rhizopus, Albugo, Saprolegnia. Fungus-like organisms Mastigomycotina Wikispecies...
can be differentiated from molds of the genera Absidia, Rhizomucor, and Rhizopus by the shape and insertion of the columella, and the lack of stolons and...
examples of fungi formerly in the Zygomycota include black bread mold (Rhizopus stolonifer), and Pilobolus species, capable of ejecting spores several...
Pathogenic genera include Absidia, Apophysomyces, Mucor, Rhizomucor, and Rhizopus. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 25 genera and 129 species...
fermentation starters include Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Amylomyces, Monascus, Absidia, Rhizomucor, and Mucor. Species of Rhizopus are capable of producing fumaric...
(a large starchy root), which involves the use of an amylolytic mold (Rhizopus sp., Mucoraceae, Zygomycota) by chewing it. Parakari is produced by Pemon...
nematodes. The fruits are subject to damage from gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), rhizopus rot, and leather rot. To prevent root-rotting, strawberries should be planted...
March 2005). "Parakari, an indigenous fermented beverage using amylolytic Rhizopus in Guyana". Mycologia. 97 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1080/15572536.2006.11832833...
Fermentation is performed by a variety of moulds including Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae, Amylomyces rouxii or Mucor species, and yeasts including Saccharomyces...
of February 2022[update], in AlgaeBase the only species is Blastophysa rhizopus. Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Blastophysa". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic...
Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Rhizopus in Bangladesh.: 78 Grinding and mixing the seeds with water, vinegar or...
spoilage yeast Dekkera bruxellensis, etc. paleopolyploid: the human pathogen Rhizopus oryzae, the genus Saccharomyces, etc. In addition, polyploidy is frequently...
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