For the green anarchist approach to human living, see Rewilding (anarchism). For other topics, see Rewilding (disambiguation).
Longhorn cattle at Knepp Wildland in 2019
Rewilding is a form of ecological restoration aimed at increasing biodiversity and restoring natural processes. It differs from other forms of ecological restoration in that rewilding aspires to reduce human influence on ecosystems.[1] It is also distinct from other forms of restoration in that, while it places emphasis on recovering geographically specific sets of ecological interactions and functions that would have maintained ecosystems prior to human influence, rewilding is open to novel or emerging ecosystems which encompass new species and new interactions.[2][3]
A key feature of rewilding is its focus on replacing human interventions with natural processes. Rewilding enables the return of intact large mammal assemblages. This implies the natural groupings of large mammal species in an area to promote the restoration of trophic networks.[4] The mechanism of rewilding is a process of rebuilding, to restore natural ecosystems by introducing or re-introducing large mammals to promote resilient, self-regulating, and self-sustaining ecosystems.[5][6] Rewilding projects are usually part of programs for habitat restoration and conservation biology, and ideally they should be based on sound ecological theory and evidence.[7]
While rewilding initiatives can be controversial, the United Nations has listed rewilding as one of several methods needed to achieve massive scale restoration of natural ecosystems, which they say must be accomplished by 2030[8] as part of the 30x30 campaign.[9]
^Sandom, Chris; Donlan, C. Josh; Svenning, Jens-Christian; Hansen, Dennis (15 April 2013), Macdonald, David W.; Willis, Katherine J. (eds.), "Rewilding", Key Topics in Conservation Biology 2 (1 ed.), Wiley, pp. 430–451, doi:10.1002/9781118520178.ch23, ISBN 978-0-470-65876-5, retrieved 29 March 2024
^Carver, Steve; et al. (2021). "Guiding principles for rewilding". Conservation Biology. 35 (6): 1882–1893. Bibcode:2021ConBi..35.1882C. doi:10.1111/cobi.13730. PMID 33728690. S2CID 232263088.
^Svenning, Jens-Christian (December 2020). "Rewilding should be central to global restoration efforts". One Earth. 3 (6): 657–660. Bibcode:2020OEart...3..657S. doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2020.11.014. ISSN 2590-3322.
^Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M.; te Beest, Mariska; Kerley, Graham I. H.; Landman, Marietjie; le Roux, Elizabeth; Smith, Felisa A. (5 December 2018). "Trophic rewilding as a climate change mitigation strategy?". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 373 (1761): 20170440. doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0440. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 6231077. PMID 30348867.
^Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M.; te Beest, Mariska; Kerley, Graham I. H.; Landman, Marietjie; le Roux, Elizabeth; Smith, Felisa A. (5 December 2018). "Trophic rewilding as a climate change mitigation strategy?". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 373 (1761): 20170440. doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0440. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 6231077. PMID 30348867.
^Bakker, Elisabeth S.; Svenning, Jens-Christian (5 December 2018). "Trophic rewilding: impact on ecosystems under global change". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 373 (1761): 20170432. doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0432. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 6231072. PMID 30348876.
^Svenning, Jens-Christian (December 2020). "Rewilding should be central to global restoration efforts". One Earth. 3 (6): 657–660. Bibcode:2020OEart...3..657S. doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2020.11.014.
^Greenfield, Patrick (3 June 2021). "World must rewild on massive scale to heal nature and climate, says UN". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 5 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
^Jepson, Paul (18 May 2022). "The creative way to pay for wildlife recovery". Knowable Magazine. doi:10.1146/knowable-051822-1. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
influence, rewilding is open to novel or emerging ecosystems which encompass new species and new interactions. A key feature of rewilding is its focus...
Programme. Rewilding Europe is actively engaged in ten rewilding areas located in 12 European countries. The Greater Côa Valley rewilding area is located...
involves (as in rewilding North America) creating a Pleistocene habitat in portions of Europe. Svenning claims that "Pleistocene Rewilding can be taken for...
Rewilding Argentina (Spanish: Fundación Rewilding Argentina) is an Argentine nonprofit conservation organization. It purchases private land, restoring...
Sea rewilding (also known as marine rewilding) is an area of environmental conservation activity which focuses on rewilding, restoring ocean life and...
adopt the term "rewilding" to describe Save China's Tigers rewilding project of the South China tiger. Since then, the term "rewilding" has been widely...
Rewilding Britain is an organisation founded in 2015 that aims to promote the rewilding of Great Britain. It is a registered charity in England, Wales...
The Bengal tiger is a population of the Panthera tigris tigris subspecies and the nominate tiger subspecies. It ranks among the biggest wild cats alive...
interactions via ecotourism, such as with the tiger shark, and through rewilding efforts, such as the proposed reintroduction of the Iberian lynx. Apex...
Rewild is the debut album by Amazing Baby and it was released on June 22, 2009. The album received a varied response from critics, and did not chart in...
wildlife crossings included in interstate highway projects. Rewilding Britain Foreman, Dave, "Rewilding North America: A Vision For Conservation In The 21st...
an endangered species recovery project and not a rewilding project, although elements of rewilding exist. Kiester, A.R.; Palomo-Ramos, R.; Ríos-Arana...
The Japanese sea lion (Zalophus japonicus) (Japanese: ニホンアシカ, romanized: Nihon ashika, Korean: 강치, 바다사자) was an aquatic mammal that became extinct in the...
The Indian aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus; Sindhi: انڊين جهنگلي ڏاند) is an extinct subspecies of aurochs that inhabited West Asia and the Indian subcontinent...
into the southern Carpathians from Poland by Rewilding Europe and the World Wide Fund for Nature. The rewilding area hosted a population of 30 animals by...
ISSN 0002-7294. "Twilight of the mammoths: Ice Age extinctions and the rewilding of America". Choice Reviews Online. 43 (8): 43–4679-43-4679. 1 April 2006...
Blanchett, and Salma Hayek. In February, 2012, Bird released her book Rewilding with publisher Damiani. The book was shot over two weeks in the summers...
giant river otter. The rewilding work in Ibera, as well as many other projects in the country, is now carried out by Rewilding Argentina, the team assembled...
2016. Rewilding Europe: “Western Iberia. Achievements to date.” Archived 2016-09-13 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 September 2016. Rewilding Europe:...
Propaganda of the deed Refusal of work Revolution Revolutionary spontaneity Rewilding Security culture Self-ownership Social ecology Sociocracy Somatherapy...
his 2005 book, Twilight of the Mammoths: Ice Age Extinctions and the Rewilding of America, has been controversial and thus widely examined (both criticized...
the East River had approached a condition that ecologists refer to as "rewilding". Writing for the London-based Mute Magazine in 1997, Peter Boerboom discusses...
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