Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states information
Organized revolts in Italy
Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
Part of the Revolutions of 1848 and the First Italian War of Independence
Episode from the Five Days of Milan, painting by Baldassare Verazzi
Date
12 January — 27 October 1848 (9 months, 2 weeks and 1 day)
Location
Italy
Result
The Revolutions fail; some insurgent states obtain liberal constitutions, but they are all soon abolished with the exception of that of the Kingdom of Sardinia (Albertine Statute).
Territorial changes
None
Belligerents
Kingdom of Sicily Provisional Government of Milan Republic of San Marco Roman Republic Supported by: Kingdom of Sardinia
Austrian Empire Kingdom of Two Sicilies Papal States Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Commanders and leaders
Ruggero Settimo Carlo Cattaneo Daniele Manin Giuseppe Mazzini
Josef Radetzky Carlo Filangieri Charles Oudinot
v
t
e
First Italian War of Independence
Milan
Goito Bridge
Castelnuovo
1st Governolo
Osoppo
Peschiera [it]
Pastrengo
Santa Lucia
Cornuda
Curtatone & Montanara
Goito
Monte Berico
2nd Governolo
Vicenza
Custoza
Trentino
Papal States
Volta Mantovana
Mestre
Mortara
Novara
Brescia
Tuscany
Velletri
Rome
Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
Sicilian revolution of 1848
Five Days of Milan
Republic of San Marco
Roman Republic
The 1848 Revolutions in the Italian states, part of the wider Revolutions of 1848 in Europe, were organized revolts in the states of the Italian peninsula and Sicily, led by intellectuals and agitators who desired a liberal government. As Italian nationalists they sought to eliminate reactionary Austrian control. During this time, Italy was not a unified country, and was divided into many states, which, in Northern Italy, were ruled directly or indirectly by the Austrian Empire. A desire to be independent from foreign rule, and the conservative leadership of the Austrians, led Italian revolutionaries to stage revolution in order to drive out the Austrians. The revolution was led by the state of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Some uprisings in the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, particularly in Milan, forced the Austrian General Radetzky to retreat to the Quadrilateral fortresses.[1]
King Charles Albert, who ruled Piedmont-Sardinia from 1831 to 1849, aspired to unite Italy with the endorsement of Pope Pius IX, head of the Papal States, which comprised a large territory in the center of the Italian peninsula. He declared war on Austria in March 1848 and launched a full-out attack on the Quadrilateral. Lacking allies, Charles Albert was no match for the Austrian army and was defeated at the Battle of Custoza on 24 July 1848. He signed a truce and withdrew his forces from Lombardy, and thus Austria remained dominant in a divided Italy until the Second Italian War of Independence.
^Priscilla Robertson, Revolutions of 1848: A Social History (1952) pp 311-401
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Global Information
Kingdom of Sicily
Provisional Government of Milan
Republic of San Marco
Roman Republic
Kingdom of Sardinia
Austrian Empire
Kingdom of Two Sicilies
Papal States
Grand Duchy of Tuscany