Regulation of therapeutic goods in the United States
Prescription drugs Over-the-counter drugs
Law
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
CDAPCA
Controlled Substances Act
Prescription Drug Marketing Act
Hatch-Waxman Act
exemptions
Marihuana Tax Act of 1937
Government agencies
Department of Health and Human Services
Food and Drug Administration
Department of Justice
DEA
Process
Drug discovery
Drug design
Drug development
New Drug Application
Investigational New Drug
Clinical trial
phases
Randomized controlled trial
Pharmacovigilance
Abbreviated New Drug Application
Fast track approval
Off-label use
International coordination
ICH
Uppsala Monitoring Centre
WHO
CIOMS
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
Non-governmental organizations
National Academy of Medicine
RADAR
NORML
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In patent law, the research exemption or safe harbor exemption is an exemption to the rights conferred by patents, which is especially relevant to drugs. According to this exemption, despite the patent rights, performing research and tests for preparing regulatory approval, for instance by the FDA in the United States, does not constitute infringement for a limited term before the end of patent term.[1] This exemption allows generic manufacturers to prepare generic drugs in advance of the patent expiration.
In the United States, this exemption is also technically called § 271(e)(1) exemption or Hatch-Waxman exemption. In 2005, the U.S. Supreme Court considered the scope of the Hatch-Waxman exemption in Merck v. Integra. The Supreme Court held that the statute exempts from infringement all uses of compounds that are reasonably related to submission of information to the government under any law regulating the manufacture, use or distribution of drugs.
In Canada, this exemption is known as the Bolar provision or Roche-Bolar provision, named after the case Roche Products v. Bolar Pharmaceutical.
In the European Union, equivalent exemptions are allowed under the terms of EC Directives 2001/82/EC (as amended by Directive 2004/28/EC) and 2001/83/EC (as amended by Directives 2002/98/EC, 2003/63/EC, 2004/24/EC and 2004/27/EC).
^"The principle behind the Bolar exemption is that generic companies should be in a position to take the necessary preparatory measures in order to be able to enter the market without delay once patent protection expires." in Decision T 0223/11 dated 22 May 2012 of the Board of Appeal 3.3.02 of the European Patent Office, reasons 2, fifth paragraph.
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