European Union regulation on artificial intelligence
Regulation
European Union regulation
Title
Regulation ... laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act)
Preparative texts
Commission proposal
2021/206
The Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) is a proposed European Union regulation on artificial intelligence (AI) in the European Union. It aims to establish a common regulatory and legal framework for AI.[1] Proposed by the European Commission on 21 April 2021[2] and passed in the European Parliament on 13 March 2024,[3] it awaits reading in the EU Council.[4]
Its scope would encompass all types of AI in a broad range of sectors (exceptions include AI systems used solely for military, national security, research, and non-professional purpose[5]). As a piece of product regulation, it would not confer rights on individuals, but would regulate the providers of AI systems, and entities using AI in a professional context.[6]
The AI Act was revised following the rise in popularity of generative AI systems such as ChatGPT, whose general-purpose capabilities present different stakes and did not fit the defined framework.[7] More restrictive regulations are planned for powerful generative AI systems with systemic impact.[8]
The proposed EU Artificial Intelligence Act aims to classify and regulate AI applications based on their risk to cause harm. This classification includes four categories of risk ("unacceptable", "high", "limited" and "minimal"), plus one additional category for general-purpose AI. Applications deemed to represent unacceptable risks are banned. High-risk ones must comply to security, transparency and quality obligations and undergo conformity assessments. Limited-risk AI applications only have transparency obligations, and those representing minimal risks are not regulated. For general-purpose AI, transparency requirements are imposed, with additional and thorough evaluations when representing particularly high risks.[8][9]
The Act further proposes the introduction of a European Artificial Intelligence Board to promote national cooperation and ensure compliance with the regulation.[10]
The AI Act is expected to have a large impact on the economy. Like the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation, it can apply extraterritorially to providers from outside the EU, if they have products within the EU.[6]
^"Proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence | Shaping Europe's digital future". digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu. 21 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
^"EUR-Lex - 52021PC0206 - EN - EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
^"World's first major act to regulate AI passed by European lawmakers". CNBC. 14 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
^"Procedure File: 2021/0106(COD) | Legislative Observatory | European Parliament". oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu.
^"Artificial intelligence act: Council and Parliament strike a deal on the first rules for AI in the world". Council of the EU. 9 December 2023. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^ abMueller, Benjamin (4 May 2021). "The Artificial Intelligence Act: A Quick Explainer". Center for Data Innovation. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^Coulter, Martin (7 December 2023). "What is the EU AI Act and when will regulation come into effect?". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
^ abEspinoza, Javier (9 December 2023). "EU agrees landmark rules on artificial intelligence". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^"EU AI Act: first regulation on artificial intelligence". European Parliament News. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^Propp, Mark MacCarthy and Kenneth (4 May 2021). "Machines learn that Brussels writes the rules: The EU's new AI regulation". Brookings. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
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