This article is about the history of Venezuela from 1953–1999. For the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, see Venezuela.
This article is about the fourth Republic of Venezuela. For the first, second and third Republics, see American Confederation of Venezuela.
Republic from 1953 to 1999
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Republic of Venezuela
República de Venezuela(Spanish)
1953–1999
Flag
Coat of arms
Motto: "Dios y Federación"(Spanish)
Anthem: "Gloria al Bravo Pueblo"
Capital
and largest city
Caracas
Official languages
Spanish
Religion
None (around 92% Roman Catholic)
Demonym(s)
Venezuelan
Government
Federal presidential constitutional initially under a military dictatorship (1953–1958)
President
• 1953–1958
Marcos Pérez Jiménez
• 1959–1964
Rómulo Betancourt[1]
• 1964–1969
Raúl Leoni
• 1969–1974
Rafael Caldera
• 1974–1979
Carlos Andrés Pérez
• 1979–1984
Luis Herrera Campins
• 1984–1989
Jaime Lusinchi
• 1989–1993
Carlos Andrés Pérez
• 1993–1994
Ramón José Velásquez
• 1994–1999
Rafael Caldera
• 1999
Hugo Chávez
Legislature
Bicameral Congress
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
Deputies
History
• Established
11 April 1953
• Constitution adopted
16 January 1961
• Bolivarian Republic established
2 February 1999
Population
• Estimate
8,142,838
HDI (1999)
0.674[2] medium
Currency
Bolívar
ISO 3166 code
VE
Preceded by
Succeeded by
United States of Venezuela
Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Part of a series on the
History of Venezuela
Chronology
Pre-Columbian period
1522–1821
1821–30
1830–1908
1908–58
1948–58
1953–99
1999–present
Topics
New Spain
Province of Venezuela
Viceroyalty of New Granada
Captaincy General
American Confederation of Venezuela
War of Independence
First Republic
Second Republic
Third Republic
Caudillismo
Revolution of the Reforms
1848–1849 civil war
March Revolution
Federal War
Blue Revolution
April Revolution
Revindicating Revolution
Legalist Revolution
Andean Hegemony
Restorative Liberal Revolution
Liberating Revolution
1902–03 blockade
1908 coup
Oil industry history
Generation of 1928
El Trienio Adeco
Democratic period
1958 coup
Punto Fijo Pact
Carupanazo
Porteñazo
Caracazo
February 1992 coup attempt
November 1992 coup attempt
Bolivarian Revolution
Vargas tragedy
2002 coup attempt
2002–03 general strike
2004 recall referendum
2007 RCTV protests
Death and state funeral of Hugo Chávez
Crisis in Venezuela
Venezuela portal
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The Republic of Venezuela was a democratic republic first established in 1953, and replaced in 1999 by the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Venezuela saw ten years of military dictatorship from 1948 to 1958. After the 1948 Venezuelan coup d'état brought an end to a three-year experiment in democracy (Spanish: El Trienio Adeco), a triumvirate of military personnel controlled the government until 1952, when it held presidential elections. These were free enough to produce results unacceptable to the government, leading them to be falsified and to one of the three leaders, Marcos Pérez Jiménez, assuming the Presidency. His government was brought to an end by the 1958 Venezuelan coup d'état, which saw the advent of democracy with a transitional government under Admiral Wolfgang Larrazábal in place until the December 1958 elections. Prior to the elections, three of the main political parties, Acción Democrática, COPEI and Unión Republicana Democrática, with the notable exclusion of the Communist Party of Venezuela, signed up to the Puntofijo Pact power-sharing agreement.
This period was characterised by the alternation of political power established in the Punto Fijo Pact; by the nationalisation of the oil industry in 1976 and the creation of PDVSA, the national oil and gas company; and by the rise of new social elites. Internationally, Venezuela became a founding member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). The 1980s in particular were characterised by the flowering of art and culture and by the artistic development of the nation, especially in television. Pioneering media like RCTV made Venezuela famous with soap operas such as Kassandra.
^First democratic President
^"Human Development Report 1998" (PDF). hdr.undp.org.
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Global Information
Venezuela portal