Conflict between the Spanish Empire and its Venezuelan colonies (1810-23)
Venezuelan War of Independence
Part of Spanish American wars of independence
La Batalla de Carabobo, Martín Tovar y Tovar
Date
19 April 1810 – 24 July 1823 (13 years, 3 months and 5 days)
Location
Venezuela and New Granada
Result
Patriot victory
Territorial changes
Independence of Gran Colombia. Dismemberment of the Spanish empire.
Belligerents
Patriots1810: Caracas Junta 1811–1816: Venezuela Colombia1816–1819: Venezuela Haiti[1]1819–1823: Gran Colombia
Royalists Spain
Supreme Junta
Governorate of Venezuela
Governorate of Colombia
Commanders and leaders
Simón Bolívar (Commander-in-Chief)
Cristóbal Mendoza
Francisco Espejo
Francisco de Miranda
José Antonio Páez
Antonio de Sucre
José Félix Ribas
Manuel Piar
Rafael Urdaneta
Carlos Soublette
Santiago Mariño
José Bermúdez
Juan Arismendi
José Anzoátegui
Jacinto Lara
José Tadeo Monagas
Ambrosio Plaza †
Manuel Cedeño †
Francisco Gómez
Luis Brión
Gregor MacGregor
Daniel O'Leary
Atanasio Girardot †
José Padilla
Ferdinand VII (King of Spain from 1813)
Pablo Morillo
Miguel de la Torre
José Tomás Boves †
Francisco Morales
Fernando Miyares
D. de Monteverde
José Ceballos
Juan Manuel Cajigal
Eusebio Antoñanzas
Juan Vargas
Francisco Rosete †
Isidro Barrada Valdés
Ramón Correa
Ángel Laborde
S. de la Calzada
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Venezuelan War of Independence
First and Second Republics (1811-1814)
La Victoria (1812)
Alto de los Godos
Admirable Campaign
Cúcuta
Niquitao
Los Horcones
Taguanes
Araure
La Victoria (1814)
San Mateo
1st Carabobo
La Puerta
Spanish reconquest (1814-1816)
Aragua de Barcelona
Urica
Maturín
Spanish reconquest (1815-16)
Stalemate (1816–1819)
Clarines
1st Angostura
San Félix
2nd Angostura
Matasiete
Bolívar's campaign (1819-1823)
Las Queseras del Medio
Vargas Swamp
Boyaca
2nd Carabobo
Battle of Lake Maracaibo
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Spanish colonial campaigns
15th century
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16th century
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17th century
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18th century
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Chile (1792)
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19th century
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20th century
Morocco (1909)
Morocco (1911–12)
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Morocco (1957–58)
Western Sahara (1973–76)
Western Sahara (1975)
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The Venezuelan War of Independence (Spanish: Guerra de Independencia de Venezuela, 1810–1823) was one of the Spanish American wars of independence of the early nineteenth century, when independence movements in South America fought a civil war for secession and against unity of the Spanish Empire, emboldened by Spain's troubles in the Napoleonic Wars.
The establishment of the Supreme Caracas Junta following the forced deposition of Vicente Emparan as Captain General of the Captaincy General of Venezuela on 19 April 1810, marked the beginnings of the war. On 5 July 1811, seven of the ten provinces of the Captaincy General of Venezuela declared their independence in the Venezuelan Declaration of Independence. The First Republic of Venezuela was lost in 1812 following the 1812 Caracas earthquake and the 1812 Battle of La Victoria. Simón Bolívar led an "Admirable Campaign" to retake Venezuela, establishing the Second Republic of Venezuela in 1813; but this too did not last, falling to a combination of a local uprising and Spanish royalist reconquest. Only as part of Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada in 1819-20 did Venezuela achieve a lasting independence from Spain (initially as part of Gran Colombia).
On 17 December 1819, the Congress of Angostura declared Gran Colombia an independent country. After two more years of war, the country achieved independence from Spain in 1821 under the leadership of Simón Bolívar. Venezuela, along with the present-day[update] countries of Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador, formed part of the Republic of Gran Colombia until 1830, when Venezuela separated and became a sovereign state.
^Arana, M., 2013, Bolivar, New York: Simon & Schuster, ISBN 9781439110195, pp. 186
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