Private Colony of the Maryland State Colonization Society (1834–54) Republic (1854–57)
Capital
Harper
Common languages
English (de facto) Grebo
Religion
Christianity
Government
Private Colony of the Maryland State Colonization Society (1834–54) Republican Government(1854–57)
Governor
• 1836–51
John Brown Russwurm
• 1854
Samuel Ford McGill
• 1854–56
William A. Prout
• 1856–57
Boston Jenkins Drayton
History
• Establishment as colony
February 12, 1834
• Independence referendum
January 31, 1853
• Declaration of independence
May 29, 1854
• Annexed by Liberia
March 18, 1857
Currency
United States dollar
Succeeded by
Liberia
The Republic of Maryland (also known variously as the Independent State of Maryland, Maryland-in-Africa, and Maryland in Liberia) was a country in West Africa that existed from 1834 to 1857, when it was merged into what is now Liberia. The area was first settled in 1834 by freed African-American slaves and freeborn African Americans primarily from the U.S. state of Maryland, under the auspices of the Maryland State Colonization Society.[1][2]
The larger American Colonization Society was founded in 1816. It supported the settlement of thousands of free people of color to its colony of Liberia, in West Africa. There were also initially separate settlements founded by state colonization societies of Mississippi (Mississippi-in-Africa), Kentucky (Kentucky in Africa), Georgia,[3] Pennsylvania,[4] and Louisiana.[citation needed] A New Jersey colony was planned.[5]
In 1838, these African-American settlements were united into the Commonwealth of Liberia, which declared independence from the American Colonization Society on July 26, 1847. The Maryland colony remained separate from the Commonwealth of Liberia, as the colonization society wished to maintain its trade monopoly in the area. On February 2, 1841, Maryland-in-Africa became the Independent State of Maryland. Following an independence referendum in 1853, the state declared its independence on May 29, 1854, under the name Maryland in Liberia,[6] with its capital at Harper.
^The African Repository, Volume 14, p.42 Retrieved March 13, 2010
^Hall, Richard, On Afric's Shore: A History of Maryland in Liberia, 1834-1857
^"[Freed American Slave Colony] (Maryland In Liberia)". www.raremaps.com. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
^"Merchant Congressman in the Young Republic: Samuel Smith of Maryland 1752-1839". The SHAFR Guide Online. doi:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim030060173. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
^"Arrival, and Intelligence from Liberia". African Repository. Vol. 32, no. 8. August 1856. p. 229.
^Constitution and Laws of Maryland in Liberia, p.1 Retrieved March 13, 2010
and 22 Related for: Republic of Maryland information
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