A renal diet is a diet aimed at keeping levels of fluids, electrolytes, and minerals balanced in the body in individuals with chronic kidney disease or who are on dialysis. Dietary changes may include the restriction of fluid intake, protein, and electrolytes including sodium, phosphorus, and potassium.[1] Calories may also be supplemented if the individual is losing weight undesirably.[1]
The diet may help limit the buildup of waste products within the body and reduce strain on the kidneys, as well as reduce blood pressure and lower the risk of fluid build-up around the heart and lungs.[2][3][4][5] Phosphorus restriction can help maintain bone health, as phosphorus buildup in the blood results in the leaching of calcium from bones and subsequently an increased fracture risk.[6] The evidence supporting uptake of a renal diet and a reduction in cardiovascular events and mortality is limited, but dietary interventions may increase health-related quality of life and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) while lowering serum albumin and serum cholesterol levels.[4]
The restrictiveness of a renal diet depends on the severity of the patient's kidney disease, and the diet should be undertaken with the advice of a dietician.[5][7] Patients with comorbid conditions like diabetes may need to further alter their diets to meet the needs of those conditions simultaneously.[7]
^Hershey, Kristen (December 2018). "Renal Diet". The Nursing Clinics of North America. 53 (4): 481–489. doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2018.05.005. ISSN 1558-1357. PMID 30388974. S2CID 53272380.
^Akchurin, Oleh M. (February 2019). "Chronic Kidney Disease and Dietary Measures to Improve Outcomes". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 66 (1): 247–267. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2018.09.007. ISSN 1557-8240. PMC 6623973. PMID 30454747.
^ abPalmer, Suetonia C.; Maggo, Jasjot K.; Campbell, Katrina L.; Craig, Jonathan C.; Johnson, David W.; Sutanto, Bernadet; Ruospo, Marinella; Tong, Allison; Strippoli, Giovanni Fm (2017-04-23). "Dietary interventions for adults with chronic kidney disease". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (4): CD011998. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011998.pub2. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6478277. PMID 28434208.
^ ab"Eating Right for Chronic Kidney Disease | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
^"Mineral & Bone Disorder in Chronic Kidney Disease | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
^ abCDC (2019-09-19). "Diabetes & Kidney Disease: What to Eat?". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
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