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Relativism is a family of philosophical views which deny claims to objectivity within a particular domain and assert that valuations in that domain are relative to the perspective of an observer or the context in which they are assessed.[1] There are many different forms of relativism, with a great deal of variation in scope and differing degrees of controversy among them.[2]Moral relativism encompasses the differences in moral judgments among people and cultures.[3]Epistemic relativism holds that there are no absolute principles regarding normative belief, justification, or rationality, and that there are only relative ones.[4]Alethic relativism (also factual relativism) is the doctrine that there are no absolute truths, i.e., that truth is always relative to some particular frame of reference, such as a language or a culture (cultural relativism).[5] Some forms of relativism also bear a resemblance to philosophical skepticism.[6]Descriptive relativism seeks to describe the differences among cultures and people without evaluation, while normative relativism evaluates the word truthfulness of views within a given framework.
^Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, [1] "The label “relativism” has been attached to a wide range of ideas and positions which may explain the lack of consensus on how the term should be defined."
^Swoyer, Chris (February 22, 2003). "Relativism". Retrieved May 10, 2010.
^"Epistemic Relativism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
^Baghramian, Maria and Carter, Adam, "Relativism", "The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2015 Edition)", Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2015/entries/relativism/#RelAboTruAleRel/ "Relativism about truth, or alethic relativism, at its simplest, is the claim that what is true for one individual or social group may not be true for another"
^"Relativism". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2021.
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