Ethical subjectivism (also known as moral subjectivism and moral non-objectivism)[1] is the meta-ethical view which claims that:
Ethical sentences express propositions.
Some such propositions are true.
The truth or falsity of such propositions is ineliminably dependent on the (actual or hypothetical) attitudes of people.[2][3]
This makes ethical subjectivism a form of cognitivism (because ethical statements are the types of things that can be true or false).[4] Ethical subjectivism stands in opposition to moral realism, which claims that moral propositions refer to objective facts, independent of human opinion;[5] to error theory, which denies that any moral propositions are true in any sense; and to non-cognitivism, which denies that moral sentences express propositions at all.[6]
^Joyce, Richard (2016), Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), "Moral Anti-Realism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2016 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2021-03-08, Non-objectivism (as it will be called here) allows that moral facts exist but holds that they are, in some manner to be specified, constituted by mental activity...The present discussion uses the label "non-objectivism" instead of the simple "subjectivism" since there is an entrenched usage in metaethics for using the latter to denote the thesis that in making a moral judgment one is reporting (as opposed to expressing) one's own mental attitudes (e.g., "Stealing is wrong" means "I disapprove of stealing").
^Richard Brandt (1959). Ethical theory; the problems of normative and critical ethics. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. p. 153. ISBN 0132904039. LCCN 59010075. [Objectivism and subjectivism] have been used more vaguely, confusedly, and in more different senses than the others we are considering. We suggest as a convenient usage, however, that a theory be called subjectivist if and only if, according to it, any ethical assertion implies that somebody does, or somebody of a certain sort under certain conditions would, take some specified attitude toward something.
^Harrison, Jonathan (2006). Borchert, Donald M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of philosophy (2nd ed.). Detroit: Thomson Gale/Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 0-02-865780-2. OCLC 61151356. A subjectivist ethical theorist is a theory according to which moral judgements about men or their actions are judgements about the way people react to these men and actions - that is, the way they think or feel about them.
^van Roojen, Mark (2018), Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), "Moral Cognitivism vs. Non-Cognitivism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2021-03-08, Cognitivism is the denial of non-cognitivism. Thus it holds that moral statements do express beliefs and that they are apt for truth and falsity. But cognitivism need not be a species of realism since a cognitivist can be an error theorist and think all moral statements false.
^Joyce, Richard (2016), Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), "Moral Anti-Realism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2016 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2021-03-08, As a first approximation, then, moral anti-realism can be identified as the disjunction of three theses: i) moral noncognivitism ii) moral error theory iii) moral non-objectivism.
^"Subjectivism". BBC. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
and 21 Related for: Ethical subjectivism information
Ethicalsubjectivism (also known as moral subjectivism and moral non-objectivism) is the meta-ethical view which claims that: Ethical sentences express...
early proponent of subjectivism, the success of this position is historically attributed to Descartes and his methodic doubt. Subjectivism has historically...
"anti-realism" regarding moral facts: ethicalsubjectivism, error theory, or non-cognitivism. Realism comes in two main varieties: Ethical naturalism holds that there...
all forms of moral anti-realism and moral skepticism, including ethicalsubjectivism (which denies that moral propositions refer to objective facts),...
Ethical egoism – View that people should only act in self-interest Ethical intuitionism – Family of views in moral epistemology Ethicalsubjectivism –...
as to all forms of cognitivism (including both moral realism and ethicalsubjectivism). Since prescriptivism was introduced by philosopher R. M. Hare in...
in opposition to other forms of ethicalsubjectivism (e.g. moral relativism, and individualist ethicalsubjectivism), as well as to moral realism (which...
proposition and which have no objective reality in and of themselves. Ethicalsubjectivism stands in opposition to moral realism, which claims that moral propositions...
as to all forms of cognitivism (including both moral realism and ethicalsubjectivism).[citation needed] In the 1950s, emotivism appeared in a modified...
In ethical philosophy, ethical egoism is the normative position that moral agents ought to act in their own self-interest. It differs from psychological...
theory); claims about subjective attitudes rather than objective facts (ethicalsubjectivism); or else do not attempt to describe the world at all but rather...
December 27, 2023. McDonald, Fritz J. (2017). "4. Beyond Objectivism and Subjectivism". In Makowski, Piotr (ed.). Praxiology and the Reasons for Action. Routledge...
rejecting ethicalsubjectivism: the descriptivist view that utterances of the type "X is good/bad" mean "I approve/disapprove of X". Subjectivism is a descriptivist...
given moral statement is true only if an individual (in the case of ethicalsubjectivism) believes it to be, or if a culture (in the case of cultural relativism)...
of which humans may have imperfect knowledge. Others have adopted ethicalsubjectivism in the sense of meta-ethics – the idea that ethics are a social construct...
right, it is then right all the time. Axiological ethics Ethical naturalism Ethicalsubjectivism Moral objectivism Moral relativism Universal prescriptivism...
Naturalism Cognitivism Moral realism Ethical naturalism Ethical non-naturalism Moral anti-realism Ethicalsubjectivism Moral nihilism – the metaethical view...
later appeared in A Theory of the Good and the Right (1979). Brandt wrote Ethical Theory (1959), an influential textbook in the field. He defended a version...
Ethical intuitionism (also called moral intuitionism) is a view or family of views in moral epistemology (and, on some definitions, metaphysics). It is...
in ethical philosophy, where axiological or value hedonism is the claim that pleasure is the sole form of intrinsic value, while normative or ethical hedonism...