In computer graphics, reflection mapping or environment mapping[1][2][3] is an efficient image-based lighting technique for approximating the appearance of a reflective surface by means of a precomputed texture. The texture is used to store the image of the distant environment surrounding the rendered object.
Several ways of storing the surrounding environment have been employed. The first technique was sphere mapping, in which a single texture contains the image of the surroundings as reflected on a spherical mirror. It has been almost entirely surpassed by cube mapping, in which the environment is projected onto the six faces of a cube and stored as six square textures or unfolded into six square regions of a single texture. Other projections that have some superior mathematical or computational properties include the paraboloid mapping, the pyramid mapping, the octahedron mapping, and the HEALPix mapping.
Reflection mapping is one of several approaches to reflection rendering, alongside e.g. screen space reflections or ray tracing which computes the exact reflection by tracing a ray of light and following its optical path. The reflection color used in the shading computation at a pixel is determined by calculating the reflection vector at the point on the object and mapping it to the texel in the environment map. This technique often produces results that are superficially similar to those generated by raytracing, but is less computationally expensive since the radiance value of the reflection comes from calculating the angles of incidence and reflection, followed by a texture lookup, rather than followed by tracing a ray against the scene geometry and computing the radiance of the ray, simplifying the GPU workload.
However, in most circumstances a mapped reflection is only an approximation of the real reflection. Environment mapping relies on two assumptions that are seldom satisfied:
All radiance incident upon the object being shaded comes from an infinite distance. When this is not the case the reflection of nearby geometry appears in the wrong place on the reflected object. When this is the case, no parallax is seen in the reflection.
The object being shaded is convex, such that it contains no self-interreflections. When this is not the case the object does not appear in the reflection; only the environment does.
Environment mapping is generally the fastest method of rendering a reflective surface. To further increase the speed of rendering, the renderer may calculate the position of the reflected ray at each vertex. Then, the position is interpolated across polygons to which the vertex is attached. This eliminates the need for recalculating every pixel's reflection direction.
If normal mapping is used, each polygon has many face normals (the direction a given point on a polygon is facing), which can be used in tandem with an environment map to produce a more realistic reflection. In this case, the angle of reflection at a given point on a polygon will take the normal map into consideration. This technique is used to make an otherwise flat surface appear textured, for example corrugated metal, or brushed aluminium.
In computer graphics, reflectionmapping or environment mapping is an efficient image-based lighting technique for approximating the appearance of a reflective...
Reflection or reflexion may refer to: Reflection (physics), a common wave phenomenon Specular reflection, reflection from a smooth surface Mirror image...
the intensity of light caused by the caustics. Reflectionmapping (also known as environment mapping) is a technique which uses 2D environment maps to...
inefficiency. Also, cube mapping provides a much larger capacity to support real-time rendering of reflections relative to sphere mapping because the combination...
(using, for example, the Phong reflection model) giving the appearance of detail instead of a smooth surface. Bump mapping is much faster and consumes fewer...
In computer graphics, sphere mapping (or spherical environment mapping) is a type of reflectionmapping that approximates reflective surfaces by considering...
Kleiser's brother, Jeff. It was the first film to use reflectionmapping to create realistic reflections on a simulated chrome surface. Jeff explained that...
Reflection map may refer to: Reflectionmapping in computer graphics A reflection (mathematics), specifically an element of a reflection group an element...
specularity to produce a specularity gather. Specular holography Reflectionmapping "Definition of specular | Dictionary.com". www.dictionary.com. Retrieved...
of significant upgrades, including pre-baked global illumination, reflectionmapping, volumetric fog, dynamic weather, and dynamic foliage to name but...
ISBN 0-691-02374-3. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Reflection symmetry. Mapping with symmetry - source in Delphi Reflection Symmetry Examples from Math Is Fun...
Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light or other waves or particles from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered at many angles...
was scanned and digitally modified with techniques that included a reflectionmapping technique that was also developed by programmer Bob Hoffman. The 1986...
represented by matrices. If T {\displaystyle T} is a linear transformation mapping R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} to R m {\displaystyle \mathbb {R}...
normal mapping, or Dot3 bump mapping, is a texture mapping technique used for faking the lighting of bumps and dents – an implementation of bump mapping. It...
polygon mesh, along an edge. Environment mapping Also reflectionmapping, a technique of approximating reflections of environment on complex surfaces of...
extension to the concept map: reflection in action", Interactive Learning Environments, 6(3), p.251–272. Birbili, M. (2006). "Mapping knowledge: concept maps...
In computer graphics, photon mapping is a two-pass global illumination rendering algorithm developed by Henrik Wann Jensen between 1995 and 2001 that...
static IP address mapping, dynamic NAT uses a group of public IP addresses. NAT hairpinning, also known as NAT loopback or NAT reflection, is a feature in...
Reflection seismology (or seismic reflection) is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of...
transformations include translation, scaling, homothety, similarity, reflection, rotation, shear mapping, and compositions of them in any combination and sequence...
color balance in the game. Though the developers attempted to add reflectionmapping into the game, they found it did not fit well with the comic-book...
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