For the tannin used in drilling mud, see Quebracho tree.
Red mud near Stade (Germany)Bauxite, an aluminium ore (Hérault department, France). The reddish colour is due to iron oxides that make up the main part of the red mud.
Red mud, now more frequently termed bauxite residue, is an industrial waste generated during the processing of bauxite into alumina using the Bayer process. It is composed of various oxide compounds, including the iron oxides which give its red colour. Over 95% of the alumina produced globally is through the Bayer process; for every tonne of alumina produced, approximately 1 to 1.5 tonnes of red mud are also produced. Annual production of alumina in 2020 was over 133 million tonnes resulting in the generation of over 175 million tonnes of red mud.[1]
Due to this high level of production and the material's high alkalinity, if not stored properly, it can pose a significant environmental hazard. As a result, significant effort is being invested in finding better methods for safe storage and dealing with it such as waste valorization in order to create useful materials for cement and concrete.[2]
Less commonly, this material is also known as bauxite tailings, red sludge, or alumina refinery residues.
^Annual statistics collected and published by World Aluminium.
^Evans, K., "The History, Challenges and new developments in the management and use of Bauxite Residue", J. Sustain Metall. May 2016. doi:10.1007/s40831-016-00060-x.
Redmud, now more frequently termed bauxite residue, is an industrial waste generated during the processing of bauxite into alumina using the Bayer process...
of the contained gallium is extractable. The remainder reports to the redmud and aluminium hydroxide streams. Bauxite is also a potential source for...
million cubic metres (35 million cubic feet) of liquid waste from redmud lakes. The mud was released as a 1–2 m (3–7 ft) wave, flooding several nearby localities...
one of the most significant problems for the aluminium mining industry. Redmud, now more frequently termed bauxite residue, is an industrial waste generated...
In geotechnical engineering, drilling fluid, also known as drilling mud, is used to aid the drilling of boreholes into the earth. Used while drilling...
the aluminium oxide as an impurity and in the redmud. One use of redmud is in ceramic production. Redmud dries into a fine powder that contains iron...
males in total length. The upperside of the mud snake is glossy black. The underside is red and black, and the red extends up the sides to form bars of reddish-pink...
Bouches-du-Rhône. Since then, he has been actively campaigning against redmud from the Gardanne plant being dumped on land or discharged at sea (a pollution...
The mud salamander (Pseudotriton montanus) is a bright red salamander of the family Plethodontidae. It is found in streams, seeps and swamps and underneath...
at high pH such as iron oxides behind in the form of a highly alkaline redmud. Other amphoteric metals are zinc and lead which dissolve in concentrated...
announces that the Alphabet Crimes have been solved, but Axel notices redmud at the stables, identical to traces he found on Bogomil's running shoes...
part) agreed upon the following types of mummification: natural, black, red, mud-coated and bandage mummies. Mummification can also be described as externally...
Montedison dumped toxic waste off the Corsican coast, creating what looked like redmud in waters around the island with the poisoning of the sea, the most visible...
Cutler sandstone capped with Moenkopi sandstone and caked with a stucco of redmud located near Moab, Utah (38°43′26″N 109°18′30″W / 38.7240°N 109.3083°W...
The mud carp is native to Southern China and parts of Mainland Southeast Asia. It is present in major river systems such as the Pearl River, Red River...
Mud River may refer to: Mud River (Georgia) Mud River (Kentucky) Mud River (Red Lake) in Minnesota Mud River (Thief River tributary) in Minnesota Mud...
Cannan had dropped off a raincoat with red marks on it in late October. He claimed the marks were due to redmud from making love in a park; police found...
most of its length, the Canadian is a slow-moving waterway bounded by redmud flats and quicksand. When sufficient rain has fallen, the river can carry...
pollution-free replacement of the Bayer process as well as a way to treat redmud. In April 2017, the company declared bankruptcy, due to ongoing delays...
the redmud ponds at the company's Ajka alumina factory, spilling 600,000–700,000 cubic metres of highly alkaline and corrosive (caustic) redmud arising...
The mud sunfish (Acantharchus pomotis) is a freshwater ray-finned fish, a sunfish from the family Centrarchidae, which widely distributed in the fresh...
to wealth, the company is endeavoring to salvage iron concentrate from redmud, Gallium from spent liquor. The company has also successfully commissioned...
treatment for chemical burns. The mud contaminated 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi) of land and reached the Danube. While the mud was considered non-toxic due...
major industrial catastrophes such as Deepwater Horizon oil spill and Redmud spill. In 2010, Specim was widely credited for its Thermal Infrared Hyperspectral...
Blues... from da Hood (1994) as Chris Thomas Chris Thomas King (1997) RedMud (1998) Whole Lotta Blues: The Songs of Led Zeppelin (1999) Me, My Guitar...
The Toledo Mud Hens are a Minor League Baseball team of the International League and the Triple-A affiliate of the Detroit Tigers. They are located in...
origin); these sediments are composed of blue mud rich in organic matter. Pelagic sediments of redmud dominate the deeper regions. There are no large...
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