Rural self-defense movement during the Warlord Era
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Red Spear Society
Traditional Chinese
紅槍會
Simplified Chinese
红枪会
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Hóngqiānghuì
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The Red Spear Society began as a rural self-defense movement in Henan, Hebei and Shandong in northern China during the Warlord Era in the 1920s. These were local groups of small-holders and tenant farmers organized to defend villages against roaming bandits, warlords, tax collectors or later Chinese communists or Japanese. For most of the Republic of China period in China the Red Spear Society posed a challenge to government control in North China. They were similar in nature to the Big Swords Society.
Because of a large immigration to Northeast China to escape the chaos in North China they were also active in Manchuria forming part of the Anti-Japanese volunteer armies resisting the Japanese establishment of Manchukuo in 1932.
In Manchuria members of the brotherhood were described as "primitive-minded people" who placed their faith in rustic magics and belief in the righteous character's Heavenly reward. Red Spear bodies formed in the countryside round Harbin were in many cases led by Buddhist monks as they went into battle, they and their weapons decorated with magic inscriptions similar to the earlier Boxer rebels. The color red was used as it was believed to offer them protection against disaster.
Some Society members were won over and absorbed by the Chinese Red Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War or by the People's Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War. In 1953, the Chinese Communist Party government launched a suppression campaign against Hui-Dao-Men ("Societies-Ways-Brotherhoods"), eradicating them from the Chinese mainland. Some of their offshoots have reappeared, reintroduced by Chinese adherents who live overseas.
The RedSpearSociety began as a rural self-defense movement in Henan, Hebei and Shandong in northern China during the Warlord Era in the 1920s. These...
sub-group of the RedSpearSociety. Consequently, the Yellow Sands have been characterized both as offshoot and predecessor of the RedSpearSociety. It has also...
societies include: Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists Hai San Secret SocietyRed Lanterns RedSpearSociety Tiandihui, Society of the Heaven and...
peasants belonging to the two predominant brotherhoods, the RedSpearSociety and the Big Swords Society, which aided the immigrants in establishing themselves...
ordered its editor shot. Peasants banded together as part of the RedSpearSociety, revolting against Zhang's reign in the countryside. Although poorly...
charms, to much more elaborate practices. For example, elements of the RedSpearSociety performed secret ceremonies to confer invulnerability from bullets...
in some areas. The counties of Laiyang and Zhaoyuan were held by RedSpearSociety peasant insurgents by early 1929. Lastly, Zhang possibly had covert...
Verlag. pp. 146–155. ISBN 978-3-280-06020-9. Tai, Hsüan-chih (1985). The RedSpears, 1916–1949. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Centre for Chinese Studies Publications...
Alliance (江左盟) White Lotus Sect (白莲教) Red Lantern Sect (紅燈籠) Fists of Harmony and Justice (義和團) RedSpearSociety (紅矛社會) Great Vehicle Sect (大乘教) or Sudden...
members invulnerable to bullets by magic. Both the Big Swords and RedSpearssocieties took part in the Boxer Rebellion in North China in 1900. During the...
artists before assaulting Martial Village, which houses rebels from the RedSpearsSociety, an anti-Qing resistance movement. Two young villagers, Han Zhibang...
The purported flag of Blackbeard, consisting of a horned skeleton using a spear to pierce a bleeding heart, is typically attributed to the pirate Edward...
satin with red-gold insertion reaching to his knees. He carries a black shield with a hard boss of white-bronze. In his hand a five-pointed spear and next...
self-defense organizations known as RedSpearSocieties. There was considerable local variation between different RedSpearSocieties; in western Henan they were...
tricolour of black, red, and green with two white edges imposed with a red, white and black Maasai shield and two crossed spears. The flag is based on...
the leader of the group, R. M. Spears, had the charter withdrawn and renamed the group the "Afro-American Order of Red Men and Daughters of Pocahontas"...
His spear was replaced by a neon torch that glowed green, except during the 24 hours following a fatal traffic accident, when it glowed red. The spear was...
Yuxiang's Northwest Army and National Revolutionary Army November – The RedSpearSociety ceases to exist on the northern Shandong Peninsula as result of Liu...
goaded by Jane into insulting Red John on television. Jane did this because he could think of no other way to protect society from Panzer. In the season...
coral bean, Cherokee bean, Mamou plant in South Louisiana, red cardinal or cardinal spear, is a flowering shrub or small tree found throughout the southeastern...
The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across...
The Justice Society of America is a team of comic book superheroes published by DC Comics. The JSA members are listed here only once—in order of their...
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