19th and 20th century secret society and religious sect in China
Yellow Sand Society
Chinese: 黃沙會; Wade–Giles: Huang Sha Hui
The Yellow Sands are known to have used a yellow flag inscribed with their leaders' names during the insurgency in Anyang County 1919–22.[1]
Dates of operation
19th–20th century
Active regions
Northern China (Henan, Shandong, Hebei)
Ideology
Militant self-defense and tax resistance
Heterodox folk religion
Ming millenarian monarchism
Allies
Red Spear Society Heavenly Gate Society
Opponents
Qing dynasty Republic of China Empire of Japan People's Republic of China
Battles and wars
Xinhai Revolution
Warlord Era
Second Sino-Japanese War
Preceded by White Lotus (possibly)
The Yellow Sand Society[a] (Chinese: 黃沙會; Wade–Giles: Huang Sha Hui),[4] also known as Yellow Way Society (Chinese: 黃道會; Wade–Giles: Huang Tao Hui),[5] and Yellow Gate Society (Chinese: 黃門會; Wade–Giles: Huang Men Hui),[6] was a rural secret society and folk religious sect in northern China during the 19th and 20th century.
Inspired by millenarian ideas, the movement launched several uprisings against the late Qing Empire, the Republic of China, and the Chinese puppet states of Japan. The Yellow Sands were eventually suppressed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the second half of the 20th century.
^Perry (1980), p. 159.
^Tai (1985), p. 16.
^Munro & Spiegel (1994), p. 270.
^Tai (1985), p. 141.
^Perry (1980), p. 270.
^Slawinski (1975), p. 75.
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