Red Army invasion of Georgia information

Red Army invasion of Georgia
	Part of the Southern Front of the Russian Civil War, Military occupations by the Soviet Union and Turkish War of Independence
	; The Red Army in Tbilisi, 25 February 1921
Date	12 February – 17 March 1921; (1 month and 6 days)
Location	Georgia
Result	Soviet and Turkish military victory
Territorial; changes	Establishment of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Artvin and Ardahan ceded to the Turkish Republic, Lori ceded to the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic
Belligerents
Commanders and leaders
Units involved
Strength
Casualties and losses

The Red Army invasion of Georgia (12 February – 17 March 1921), also known as the Georgian–Soviet War or the Soviet invasion of Georgia,^[5] was a military campaign by the Russian Soviet Red Army aimed at overthrowing the Social Democratic (Menshevik) government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG) and installing a Bolshevik regime (Communist Party of Georgia) in the country. The conflict was a result of expansionist policy by the Russians, who aimed to control as much as possible of the lands which had been part of the former Russian Empire until the turbulent events of the First World War, as well as the revolutionary efforts of mostly Russian-based Georgian Bolsheviks, who did not have sufficient support in their native country to seize power without external intervention.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

The independence of Georgia had been recognized by Russia in the Treaty of Moscow, signed on 7 May 1920, and the subsequent invasion of the country was not universally agreed upon in Moscow. It was largely engineered by two influential Georgian-born Soviet officials, Joseph Stalin and Sergo Ordzhonikidze, who on 14 February 1921 received the consent of Russian leader Vladimir Lenin to advance into Georgia, on the pretext of supporting the alleged "peasants' and workers' rebellion" in the country. Russian forces took the Georgian capital Tbilisi (then known as Tiflis to most non-Georgian speakers) after heavy fighting and declared the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic on 25 February 1921. The rest of the country was overrun within three weeks, but it was not until September 1924 that Soviet rule was firmly established. Almost simultaneous occupation of a large portion of southwest Georgia by Turkey (February–March 1921) threatened to develop into a crisis between Moscow and Ankara, and led to significant territorial concessions by the Soviets to the Turkish National Government in the Treaty of Kars.

^ "iveria". Retrieved 1 November 2014.
^ "iveria". Retrieved 1 November 2014.
^ ^a ^b According to a Russian statistician and Soviet-era dissident, Professor I.A. Kurganov, the 1921-2 military operations against Georgia took lives of about 20,000 people. "ГУЛАГ - с фотокамерой по лагерям. Пожертвования". Archived from the original on 2006-11-05. Retrieved 2006-11-03.
^ Ayfer Özçelik: Ali Fuat Cebesoy: 1882-10 Ocak 1968, publisher Akçağ, 1993, page 206. (in Turkish)
^ Debo, R. (1992). Survival and Consolidation: The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia, 1918-1921, pp. 182, 361–364. McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN 0-7735-0828-7
^ Suny 1994, p. 207
^ Sicker, M. (2001), The Middle East in the Twentieth Century, p. 124. Praeger/Greenwood, ISBN 0-275-96893-6
^ "Советско-грузинская война 1921 г. (Soviet-Georgian war of 1921)". Хронос ("Hronos") (in Russian). Retrieved 2006-11-02.
^ Kort, M (2001), The Soviet Colossus, p. 154. M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 0-7656-0396-9
^ "Russia". (2006). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 27 October 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: "War Communism (From Russia) -- Encyclopędia Britannica". Archived from the original on 2006-01-07. Retrieved 2006-11-03.

[1] "iveria". Retrieved 1 November 2014.

[2] "iveria". Retrieved 1 November 2014.

[gulag.ipvnews.org-3] According to a Russian statistician and Soviet-era dissident, Professor I.A. Kurganov, the 1921-2 military operations against Georgia took lives of about 20,000 people. "ГУЛАГ - с фотокамерой по лагерям. Пожертвования". Archived from the original on 2006-11-05. Retrieved 2006-11-03.

[4] Ayfer Özçelik: Ali Fuat Cebesoy: 1882-10 Ocak 1968, publisher Akçağ, 1993, page 206. (in Turkish)

[Debo-5] Debo, R. (1992). Survival and Consolidation: The Foreign Policy of Soviet Russia, 1918-1921, pp. 182, 361–364. McGill-Queen's Press. ISBN 0-7735-0828-7

[6] Suny 1994, p. 207

[7] Sicker, M. (2001), The Middle East in the Twentieth Century, p. 124. Praeger/Greenwood, ISBN 0-275-96893-6

[Hrono-8] "Советско-грузинская война 1921 г. (Soviet-Georgian war of 1921)". Хронос ("Hronos") (in Russian). Retrieved 2006-11-02.

[Kort-9] Kort, M (2001), The Soviet Colossus, p. 154. M.E. Sharpe, ISBN 0-7656-0396-9

[10] "Russia". (2006). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 27 October 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: "War Communism (From Russia) -- Encyclopędia Britannica". Archived from the original on 2006-01-07. Retrieved 2006-11-03.

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