Temporal range: Late Carboniferous - Early Permian, 323.2–293.52 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Life restoration of the rhynchonkid Rhynchonkos
Life restoration of Batropetes, a brachystelechid
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Order:
†Microsauria
Clade:
†Recumbirostra Anderson, 2007
Subgroups
see text
Recumbirostra is a clade of tetrapods which lived during the Carboniferous and Permian periods. They are thought to have had a fossorial (burrowing) lifestyle and the group includes both short-bodied and long-bodied snake-like forms.[1][2] At least one species, the long-bodied molgophid Nagini mazonense, lost its forelimbs entirely.[3] Recumbirostra includes the families Pantylidae, Gymnarthridae, Ostodolepidae, Rhynchonkidae and Brachystelechidae, with additional families such as Microbrachidae and Molgophidae being included by some authors.[4][5] Brachystelechidae and Molgophidae have also been grouped together in the suggested clade Chthonosauria.[6]
Recumbirostra was erected as a clade in 2007 to include many of the taxa traditionally grouped in "Microsauria", which has since been shown to be a paraphyletic or polyphyletic grouping.[7][8][9] Like other "microsaurs", the recumbirostrans have traditionally been considered to be members of the subclass Lepospondyli; however, many phylogenetic analyses conducted since the 2010s have recovered recumbirostrans as basal sauropsid (reptilian) amniotes instead.[10][7][5][3][11] However, the placement of recumbirostrans as reptiles has been challenged by other authors, who have recovered them as stem-amniotes instead, and contended that the shared characters between recumbirostrans and reptiles are convergent,[12] or the result of incorrect character encoding.[13] Not all phylogenetic analyses recognize Recumbirostra as a valid grouping. An alternative clade called Tuditanomorpha is occasionally supported and includes many of the same taxa.[14]
^Mann, Arjan; Calthorpe, Ami S.; Maddin, Hillary C. (2021). "Joermungandr bolti, an exceptionally preserved 'microsaur' from the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte reveals patterns of integumentary evolution in Recumbirostra". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (7): 210319. Bibcode:2021RSOS....810319M. doi:10.1098/rsos.210319. PMC 8292758. PMID 34295525.
^Mann, Arjan; Maddin, Hillary C (2019-09-30). "Diabloroter bolti, a short-bodied recumbirostran 'microsaur' from the Francis Creek Shale, Mazon Creek, Illinois". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 187 (2): 494–505. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz025. ISSN 0024-4082.
^ abMann, Arjan; Pardo, Jason D.; Maddin, Hillary C. (2022-03-28). "Snake-like limb loss in a Carboniferous amniote". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 6 (5): 614–621. Bibcode:2022NatEE...6..614M. doi:10.1038/s41559-022-01698-y. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 35347258. S2CID 247778148.
^Glienke, S. (2012). "A new "microsaur" (Amphibia; Lepospondyli) from the Rotliegend of the Saar–Palatinate region (Carboniferous/Permian transition; West Germany)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 86 (3): 297–311. Bibcode:2012PalZ...86..297G. doi:10.1007/s12542-012-0130-8. S2CID 140699792.
^ abMann, A.; Pardo, J. D.; Maddin, H. C. (2019). "Infernovenator steenae, a new serpentine recumbirostran from the 'Mazon Creek' Lagerstätte further clarifies lysorophian origins". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 187 (2): 506–517. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz026.
^Osteology and phylogenetic position of the diminutive 'microsaur' Odonterpeton triangulare from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, and major features of recumbirostran phylogeny
^ abJason D. Pardo; Matt Szostakiwskyj; Per E. Ahlberg; Jason S. Anderson (2017). "Hidden morphological diversity among early tetrapods". Nature. 546 (7660): 642–645. Bibcode:2017Natur.546..642P. doi:10.1038/nature22966. hdl:1880/113382. PMID 28636600. S2CID 2478132.
^Anderson, J.S. (2007). "Incorporating ontogeny into the matrix: A phylogenetic evaluation of developmental evidence for the origin of modern Amphibians". In Anderson, J.S.; Sues, H.-D. (eds.). Major Transitions in Vertebrate Evolution. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pp. 182–227.
^Huttenlocker, A. K.; Pardo, J. D.; Small, B. J.; Anderson, J. S. (2013). "Cranial morphology of recumbirostrans (Lepospondyli) from the Permian of Kansas and Nebraska, and early morphological evolution inferred by micro-computed tomography". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (3): 540.
^Jason D. Pardo, Matt Szostakiwskyj and Jason S. Anderson (2015). "Phylogenetic relationships of recumbirostran 'lepospondyls' inferred from neurocranial morphology". Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 75th Annual Meeting Program & Abstracts: 191.
^Mann, A.; Pardo, J. D.; Sues, H.-D. (2022). "Osteology and phylogenetic position of the diminutive 'microsaur' Odonterpeton triangulare from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio, and major features of recumbirostran phylogeny". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 197 (3): 641–655. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac043.
^Reisz, Robert R.; Maho, Tea; Modesto, Sean P. (2024-12-31). "Recumbirostran 'microsaurs' are not amniotes". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 22 (1). Bibcode:2024JSPal..2296078R. doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2296078. ISSN 1477-2019.
^Modesto, Sean P. (2024-04-02). "Problems of the interrelationships of crown and stem amniotes". Frontiers in Earth Science. 12. doi:10.3389/feart.2024.1155806. ISSN 2296-6463.
^Henrici, A.C.; Martens, T.; Berman, D.S.; Sumida, S.S. (2011). "An ostodolepid 'microsaur' (Lepospondyli) from the Lower Permian Tambach Formation of central Germany". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (5): 997–1004. Bibcode:2011JVPal..31..997H. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.596601. S2CID 129710688.
Recumbirostra is a clade of tetrapods which lived during the Carboniferous and Permian periods. They are thought to have had a fossorial (burrowing) lifestyle...
turtles have suggested that they belong to the parareptiles. The clades Recumbirostra and Varanopidae, traditionally thought to be lepospondyls and synapsids...
an order of fossorial Carboniferous and Permian tetrapods within the Recumbirostra. Lysorophians resembled small snakes, as their bodies are extremely...
prehistoric amphibian group lepospondyls, has been placed in the newer clade Recumbirostra, and shares many anatomical features with amniotes which indicates they...
they were considered microsaurs, but later were assigned to the group Recumbirostra. Ostodolepids were relatively large, reaching lengths of up to 2 feet...
consensus that a large subset of fossorially-adapted microsaurs, the Recumbirostra, is monophyletic. Lysorophia may belong within the Recumbirostran clade...
to the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian, belonging to the groups Recumbirostra and Captorhinidae. Two squamate species from the Jurassic period, Eichstaettisaurus...
According to the 2022 redescription, odonterpetids belong within the clade Recumbirostra, which encompasses many other long-bodied "microsaurs" with burrowing...
Mazon Creek Lagerstätte reveals patterns of integumentary evolution in Recumbirostra". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (7): 210319. doi:10.1098/rsos.210319...
Gymnarthridae is an extinct family of the group Recumbirostra. Gymnarthrids are known from Europe and North America and existed from the Late Carboniferous...
S. (2015). "Micro-CT study of Rhynchonkos stovalli (Lepospondyli, Recumbirostra), with description of two new genera". PLOS ONE. 10 (6): e0127307. Bibcode:2015PLoSO...
Huskerpeton is no exception, with a skull length of 17mm and width of 13mm. Recumbirostra was established as a clade in 2007 to include many of the traditional...
Pantylidae is an extinct family of tetrapods of the group Recumbirostra. It also often considered a sister-group to the family Tuditanidae. The family...
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