Skull of Orovenator, the earliest known neodiapsid
Skeleton of Megalancosaurus, a drepanosaur
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Reptilia
Clade:
Diapsida
Clade:
Neodiapsida Benton, 1985
Subgroups and genera
†Acallosuchus
†Claudiosaurus
†Elachistosuchus
†Kenyasaurus
†Kudnu
†Lanthanolania
†Maiothisavros
†Longisquama
†Orovenator
†Palacrodon
†Palaeagama
†Protoavis (dubious)
†Saurosternon
†Younginiformes (possibly paraphyletic)
†Tangasauridae
†Younginidae
†Avicephala (possibly non-monophyletic)
†Drepanosauromorpha
†Weigeltisauridae
†Longisquama?
†Ichthyosauromorpha
†Sauropterygia
†Thalattosauria
†Choristodera
Sauria
Neodiapsida is a clade, or major branch, of the reptilian family tree, typically defined as including all diapsids apart from some early primitive types known as the araeoscelidians. Modern reptiles and birds belong to the neodiapsid subclade Sauria.
The oldest known neodiapsids are Orovenator and Maiothisavros from the Early Permian of North America, around 290 million years old.[1][2]
Basal-non saurian neodiaspids were ancestrally lizard-like, but basal non-saurian neodiapsids include aquatic/amphibious taxa (Claudiosaurus and some tangasaurids)[3] the gliding lizard-like Weigeltisauridae,[4] as well as the Triassic chameleon-like drepanosaurs.[5] The position of the highly derived Mesozoic marine reptile groups Thalattosauria, Ichthyosauromorpha and Sauropterygia within Neodiapsida is uncertain, and they may lie within Sauria.[6]
^Ford, David P.; Benson, Roger B. J. (May 2019). Mannion, Philip (ed.). "A redescription of Orovenator mayorum (Sauropsida, Diapsida) using high‐resolution μ CT , and the consequences for early amniote phylogeny". Papers in Palaeontology. 5 (2): 197–239. doi:10.1002/spp2.1236. ISSN 2056-2802. S2CID 92485505.
^Mooney, Ethan D.; Maho, Tea; Bevitt, Joseph J.; Reisz, Robert R. (2022-11-30). Liu, Jun (ed.). "An intriguing new diapsid reptile with evidence of mandibulo-dental pathology from the early Permian of Oklahoma revealed by neutron tomography". PLOS ONE. 17 (11): e0276772. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276772. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 9710763. PMID 36449456.
^Nuñez Demarco, Pablo; Meneghel, Melitta; Laurin, Michel; Piñeiro, Graciela (2018-07-27). "Was Mesosaurus a Fully Aquatic Reptile?". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 6: 109. doi:10.3389/fevo.2018.00109. hdl:20.500.12008/30631. ISSN 2296-701X.
^Pritchard, Adam C.; Sues, Hans-Dieter; Scott, Diane; Reisz, Robert R. (2021-05-20). "Osteology, relationships and functional morphology of Weigeltisaurus jaekeli (Diapsida, Weigeltisauridae) based on a complete skeleton from the Upper Permian Kupferschiefer of Germany". PeerJ. 9: e11413. doi:10.7717/peerj.11413. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 8141288. PMID 34055483.
^Pritchard, Adam C.; Nesbitt, Sterling J. (October 2017). "A bird-like skull in a Triassic diapsid reptile increases heterogeneity of the morphological and phylogenetic radiation of Diapsida". Royal Society Open Science. 4 (10): 170499. Bibcode:2017RSOS....470499P. doi:10.1098/rsos.170499. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 5666248. PMID 29134065.
^Simões, Tiago R.; Kammerer, Christian F.; Caldwell, Michael W.; Pierce, Stephanie E. (2022-08-19). "Successive climate crises in the deep past drove the early evolution and radiation of reptiles". Science Advances. 8 (33): eabq1898. Bibcode:2022SciA....8.1898S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abq1898. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 9390993. PMID 35984885.
Neodiapsida is a clade, or major branch, of the reptilian family tree, typically defined as including all diapsids apart from some early primitive types...
ones in the clade Araeoscelidia are sometimes placed into the clade Neodiapsida. The diapsids are extremely diverse, and include birds and all modern...
Avicephala. Senter's analysis placed Avicephala within Diapsida but outside Neodiapsida, defined by Senter as the clade containing "all taxa phylogenetically...
A 2009 study found them to be an unresolved polytomy at the base of Neodiapsida, while a 2011 study recovered the group as paraphyletic. A 2022 study...
was nested within Diapsida as the sister group to Neodiapsida, with the clade containing Neodiapsida and Parareptilia dubbed Neoreptilia, which suggests...
colleagues (2020): Choristoderes are universally agreed to be members of Neodiapsida, but their exact placement in the clade is uncertain, due to their mix...
who named this clade Avicephala and found it to be the sister taxon to Neodiapsida (defined wherein as the clade containing "Younginiforms" and all living...
low, position in the diapsid tree. More analyses result in their being Neodiapsida, a derived diapsid subgroup. Since the 1980s, a close relationship was...
example, several characteristics suggest that Hupehsuchia belongs within Neodiapsida, but most of the derived characteristics that define the clade are absent...
was also found to actually nest inside Diapsida as the sister group to Neodiapsida. In 2012 it was revealed that Mesosaurus has holes at the back of the...
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