Clockwise from top left: Pareiasaurus (an extinct pareiasaurian parareptile), Mesosaurus (an extinct mesosaurian parareptile), Smaug breyeri (a lizard), Dinemellia dinemelli (the white-faced buffalo-weaver), Crocodylus niloticus (the Nile crocodile), and Labidosaurikos (an extinct captorhinid eureptile)
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Superclass:
Tetrapoda
Clade:
Reptiliomorpha
Clade:
Amniota
Clade:
Sauropsida Watson, 1956
Subclades
†Varanopidae?
†Recumbirostra?
†Parareptilia (possibly paraphyletic)
Eureptilia
Sauropsida (Greek for "lizard faces") is a clade of amniotes, broadly equivalent to the class Reptilia, though typically used in a broader sense to include both extinct stem-group relatives of modern reptiles, as well as birds (which, as theropod dinosaurs, are nested within reptiles as more closely related to crocodilians than to lizards or turtles).[1] The most popular definition states that Sauropsida is the sibling taxon to Synapsida, the other clade of amniotes which includes mammals as its only modern representatives. Although early synapsids have historically been referred to as "mammal-like reptiles", all synapsids are more closely related to mammals than to any modern reptile. Sauropsids, on the other hand, include all amniotes more closely related to modern reptiles than to mammals. This includes Aves (birds), which are recognized as a subgroup of archosaurian reptiles despite originally being named as a separate class in Linnaean taxonomy.
The base of Sauropsida forks into two main groups of "reptiles": Eureptilia ("true reptiles") and Parareptilia ("next to reptiles"). Eureptilia encompasses all living reptiles (including birds), as well as various extinct groups. Parareptilia is typically considered to be an entirely extinct group, though a few hypotheses for the origin of turtles have suggested that they belong to the parareptiles. The clades Recumbirostra and Varanopidae, traditionally thought to be lepospondyls and synapsids respectively, may also be basal sauropsids. The term "Sauropsida" originated in 1864 with Thomas Henry Huxley,[2] who grouped birds with reptiles based on fossil evidence.
^Gauthier J.A. (1994): The diversification of the amniotes. In: D.R. Prothero and R.M. Schoch (ed.) Major Features of Vertebrate Evolution: 129–159. Knoxville, Tennessee: The Paleontological Society.
^Cite error: The named reference sauropsida was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Sauropsida (Greek for "lizard faces") is a clade of amniotes, broadly equivalent to the class Reptilia, though typically used in a broader sense to include...
definition of this clade varies between authors. Others prioritize the clade Sauropsida, which typically refers to all amniotes more closely related to modern...
clades of vertebrate animals in the group Amniota, the other being the Sauropsida (which includes reptiles and birds). The synapsids were the dominant land...
as various extinct groups. Sauria lies within the larger total group Sauropsida, which also contains various stem-reptiles which are more closely related...
reptile lineage called either Reptilia or Sauropsida. In fact, the study of Gauthier (1994) defined Sauropsida as all amniotes more closely related to reptiles...
Eureptilia ("true reptiles") is one of the two major subgroups of the clade Sauropsida, the other one being Parareptilia. Eureptilia includes Diapsida (the clade...
higher taxonomic rank.) Class Amphibia (amphibians; 8,100+ species) Class Sauropsida (reptiles (including birds); 21,300+ species – 10,000+ species of birds...
Mammals are the only living members of Synapsida; this clade, together with Sauropsida (reptiles and birds), constitutes the larger Amniota clade. Early synapsids...
mammals and their synapsid ancestors. So defined, Reptilia is identical to Sauropsida. Though few reptiles today are apex predators, many examples of apex reptiles...
organisms Largest prehistoric organisms Archosaurs are a clade within Sauropsida, but are significantly different from all other reptiles. Bennett, Gordon...
"Reptilian-transcriptome v1.0, a glimpse in the brain transcriptome of five divergent Sauropsida lineages and the phylogenetic position of turtles". EvoDevo. 2 (1): 19...
other groups mentioned are, like dinosaurs and pterosaurs, members of Sauropsida (the reptile and bird clade), except Dimetrodon (which is a synapsid)...
v t e Fossil snakes Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Order: Squamata Genera with hindlimbs and a sacrum Najash Simoliophiidae Eupodophis...
the basal most clade within Parareptilia or the basal most clade within Sauropsida (with the latter being the less supported position) despite the skull...
Class Synapsida (mammals and the extinct mammal-like reptiles) Class Sauropsida (reptiles and birds) While this traditional classification is orderly...
The term ichthyopsida means fish-face or fish-like as opposed to the Sauropsida or lizard-face animals (reptiles and birds) and the mammals. The group...
in the clade Synapsida, while reptiles are placed in a separate clade, Sauropsida. Single openings in the skull behind each eye, known as temporal fenestrae...
ancestors back to the phylogenetic split from the remaining amniotes (the Sauropsida). Pan-Mammalia is thus an alternative name for Synapsida. A stem group...
ancestral from derived character states. An example is thermo-regulation in Sauropsida, which is the clade containing the lizards, turtles, crocodiles, and birds...
v t e Fossil snakes Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Order: Squamata Genera with hindlimbs and a sacrum Najash Simoliophiidae Eupodophis...
The Qingtoushan Formation is a Middle Permian-age geologic formation in the Qilian Mountains of Gansu, China. It is known for its diverse tetrapod fauna...
2019). Mannion, Philip (ed.). "A redescription of Orovenator mayorum (Sauropsida, Diapsida) using high‐resolution μ CT , and the consequences for early...
Global Information
