The rectal venous plexus (or hemorrhoidal plexus[2]) is the venous plexus surrounding the rectum.[3] It consists of an internal and an external rectal plexus.[4]: 598 [5]: 294 It is drained by the superior, middle, and inferior rectal veins. It forms a portosystemic (portocaval) anastomosis.[3] This allows rectally administered medications to bypass first pass metabolism.[citation needed]
Despite the inclusion of the term "rectal" into the name, the venous plexus is positionally, functionally, and clinically primarily related to the anal canal.[6]
^ abStandring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42th ed.). New York. p. 1198. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, Anne M. R. (2018). Clinically Oriented Anatomy (8th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. ISBN 978-1-4963-4721-3.
^Cite error: The named reference :022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, Anne M. R. (2017). Essential Clinical Anatomy (6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 598. ISBN 978-1496347213.
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