Hemorrhoids (or haemorrhoids), also known as piles, are vascular structures in the anal canal.[7][8] In their normal state, they are cushions that help with stool control.[2] They become a disease when swollen or inflamed; the unqualified term hemorrhoid is often used to refer to the disease.[8] The signs and symptoms of hemorrhoids depend on the type present.[4] Internal hemorrhoids often result in painless, bright red rectal bleeding when defecating.[3][4] External hemorrhoids often result in pain and swelling in the area of the anus.[4] If bleeding occurs, it is usually darker.[4] Symptoms frequently get better after a few days.[3] A skin tag may remain after the healing of an external hemorrhoid.[4]
While the exact cause of hemorrhoids remains unknown, a number of factors that increase pressure in the abdomen are believed to be involved.[4] This may include constipation, diarrhea, and sitting on the toilet for long periods.[3] Hemorrhoids are also more common during pregnancy.[3] Diagnosis is made by looking at the area.[3] Many people incorrectly refer to any symptom occurring around the anal area as hemorrhoids, and serious causes of the symptoms should not be ruled out.[2] Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy is reasonable to confirm the diagnosis and rule out more serious causes.[9]
Often, no specific treatment is needed.[9] Initial measures consist of increasing fiber intake, drinking fluids to maintain hydration, NSAIDs to help with pain, and rest.[1] Medicated creams may be applied to the area, but their effectiveness is poorly supported by evidence.[9] A number of minor procedures may be performed if symptoms are severe or do not improve with conservative management.[6] Surgery is reserved for those who fail to improve following these measures.[6]
Approximately 50% to 66% of people have problems with hemorrhoids at some point in their lives.[1][3] Males and females are both affected with about equal frequency.[1] Hemorrhoids affect people most often between 45 and 65 years of age,[5] and they are more common among the wealthy.[4] Outcomes are usually good.[3][9]
The first known mention of the disease is from a 1700 BC Egyptian papyrus.[10]
^ abcdefLorenzo-Rivero, S (August 2009). "Hemorrhoids: diagnosis and current management". Am Surg. 75 (8): 635–42. doi:10.1177/000313480907500801. PMID 19725283. S2CID 220122385.
^ abcdBeck, David E. (2011). The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. p. 175. ISBN 978-1-4419-1581-8. Archived from the original on 2014-12-30.
^ abcdefghijkl"Hemorrhoids". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. November 2013. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
^ abcdefghiSun, Z; Migaly, J (March 2016). "Review of Hemorrhoid Disease: Presentation and Management". Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery. 29 (1): 22–29. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1568144. PMC 4755769. PMID 26929748.
^ abKaidar-Person, O; Person, B; Wexner, SD (January 2007). "Hemorrhoidal disease: A comprehensive review" (PDF). Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 204 (1): 102–17. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.08.022. PMID 17189119. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-22.
^ abcRivadeneira, DE; Steele, SR; Ternent, C; Chalasani, S; Buie, WD; Rafferty, JL; Standards Practice Task Force of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (September 2011). "Practice parameters for the management of hemorrhoids (revised 2010)". Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 54 (9): 1059–64. doi:10.1097/DCR.0b013e318225513d. PMID 21825884. S2CID 29688768.
^Chen, Herbert (2010). Illustrative Handbook of General Surgery. Berlin: Springer. p. 217. ISBN 978-1-84882-088-3.
^ abSchubert, MC; Sridhar, S; Schade, RR; Wexner, SD (July 2009). "What every gastroenterologist needs to know about common anorectal disorders". World J Gastroenterol. 15 (26): 3201–09. doi:10.3748/wjg.15.3201. ISSN 1007-9327. PMC 2710774. PMID 19598294.
^ abcdHollingshead, JR; Phillips, RK (January 2016). "Haemorrhoids: modern diagnosis and treatment". Postgraduate Medical Journal. 92 (1083): 4–8. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133328. PMID 26561592. S2CID 207022763.
^Ellesmore, Windsor (2002). "Surgical History of Haemorrhoids". In Charles MV (ed.). Surgical Treatment of Haemorrhoids. London: Springer.
Hemorrhoids (or haemorrhoids), also known as piles, are vascular structures in the anal canal. In their normal state, they are cushions that help with...
band ligation (RBL) is an outpatient treatment procedure for internal hemorrhoids of any grade. There are several different devices a physician may use...
the anus. It is sometimes inappropriately referred to as an external hemorrhoid. The symptoms of a perianal hematoma can present over a short period of...
names Cartmanland. The resulting success causes Kyle Broflovski to have a hemorrhoid and lose his faith in God. Eric Cartman's grandmother dies and leaves...
Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of internal hemorrhoids. In 1995, Morinaga...
hemorrhoidal vein), which has its origin in the hemorrhoidal plexus, and through this plexus communicates with the middle and inferior hemorrhoidal veins...
pregnancy and peptic ulcer". It is also used topically in the management of hemorrhoid pain. Oral oxetacaine preparations are available in several countries...
is a surgical procedure that involves the cutting and removal of anal hemorrhoidal vascular cushion, whose function is to help to seal stools and create...
The superior rectal artery (superior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that descends into the pelvis to supply blood to the rectum. The superior rectal...
The inferior rectal nerves (inferior anal nerves, inferior hemorrhoidal nerve) usually branch from the pudendal nerve but occasionally arises directly...
The inferior rectal artery (inferior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that supplies blood to the lower third of the anal canal below the pectinate line...
(given intravenously in cases of low blood pressure), and used to relieve hemorrhoids. It can be taken by mouth, as a nasal spray, given by injection into...
treatment of hemorrhoids or chronic venous diseases, mainly of the legs. Diosmin is a dietary supplement used to aid treatment of hemorrhoids and venous...
on the posterior surface near the termination of the gut. (Labeled as hemorrhoidal artery.) The arteries of the pelvis. Details Source Internal iliac artery...
The rectal venous plexus (or hemorrhoidal plexus) is the venous plexus surrounding the rectum. It consists of an internal and an external rectal plexus...
of medications that is made by Pfizer, used in the treatment of hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are caused at least in part by inflamed blood vessels, and most...
to feces, a number of medical conditions may affect the anus, such as hemorrhoids. The anus is the site of potential infections and other conditions, including...
Anusol (also AnuSol) is a brand of medications that can be used to treat hemorrhoids. The Anusol range includes creams, ointments, and suppositories. Anusol...
The lower part of the external hemorrhoidal plexus is drained by the inferior rectal veins (or inferior hemorrhoidal veins) into the internal pudendal...
Iran. It is used in traditional Iranian medicine as a treatment for hemorrhoids. Its chromosome number is 2n=32. Adding Allium iranicum to yogurt results...
junction as seen in the image. They are painful but common conditions like hemorrhoids, tears, fistulas, or abscesses that affect the anal region. Most people...
little water is used and toilet paper may not be necessary. Addressing hemorrhoids and genital health issues might also be facilitated by the use of bidet...
The middle rectal veins (or middle hemorrhoidal vein) take origin in the hemorrhoidal plexus and receive tributaries from the bladder, prostate, and seminal...
canal. It can be caused by a number of surgical procedures including: hemorrhoid removal and following anorectal wart treatment. Ehrenpreis, Eli D. (2003)...
everyone but Chris. When he finds out that Benny's health problem is hemorrhoids the following day, Marty ridicules him about it. When Ann enters the...
Gold potatoes are sometimes used as a home remedy to help with hemorrhoid relief. Hemorrhoid sufferers are instructed to cut the potato into a wedge and...
preliminary research for its potential use in treating vein diseases, or hemorrhoids. It is sold as a drug in France, Spain, Malaysia and Belgium. There is...
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