For the town in England, see Reading, Berkshire. For the article on literacy, see Literacy. For other uses, see Reading (disambiguation).
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Reading
Learning to read
Reading readiness
Vocabulary development
Vocabulary learning
Scientific theories and models
Dual route theory
Simple view of reading
Science of reading
Scarborough's Reading Rope
The active view of reading model
Cognitive processes
Comprehension
Phonemic awareness
Phonological awareness
Subvocalization
Word recognition
Reading instruction
Analytic phonics
Basal reader
Concept-oriented
Directed listening and thinking activity
Guided reading
Independent reading
Literature circle
Phonics
Reciprocal teaching
Structured word inquiry
Sustained silent reading
Synthetic phonics
Whole language
Reading rate
Fluency
Slow reading
Speed reading
Words per minute
Readability
Automatic assessment
Legibility
Readability test
Reading differences and disabilities
Dyslexia
Hyperlexia
Reading disability
Reading for special needs
Language
Alphabetic principle
Braille
Dolch word list
Grapheme
History of printing
Language
Morpheme
Orthography
Phoneme
Sight word
Vocabulary
Written language
Writing
Writing system
Literacy
Critical literacy
Close reading
Distant reading
Family literacy
Functional illiteracy
Great books
Literary criticism
Literature
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Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of letters, symbols, etc., especially by sight or touch.[1][2][3][4]
For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.[5][6]
Other types of reading and writing, such as pictograms (e.g., a hazard symbol and an emoji), are not based on speech-based writing systems.[7] The common link is the interpretation of symbols to extract the meaning from the visual notations or tactile signals (as in the case of braille).[8]
^"Definition of 'Read'". Merriam-Webster. 17 July 2023.
^"READ definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary".
^Read: Reproduce mentally or vocally the written or printed words by following the symbols with the eyes or fingers; The concise Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 1990. ISBN 0-19-861243-5.
^"READ | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary".
^"What is reading? Reading Rockets". 24 April 2013.
^"National reading panel, Teaching child to read, Reports of the subgroups" (PDF). 2000.
^Joyce, Terry, Borgwaldt, S. (2013). Typology of Writing Systems. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 2. ISBN 978-90-272-0270-3.
^"What Is Braille?". The American Foundation for the Blind.
^Research evidence on reading for pleasure, Department for Education, England, DFE-57519-2012. 2012.
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