Racial or ethnic misrepresentation occurs when someone deliberately misrepresents their racial or ethnic background. It may occur for a variety of reasons, such as someone attempting to benefit from affirmative action programs for which they are not eligible.[1][2][3][4]
Critical race theory examines how people of European descent are, in recent history, more likely to pretend to be people of color.[clarification needed] However, historically, many people of color passed as white for survival and safety. It is possible for a person of any race or ethnicity to misrepresent themselves or be misrepresented.[5][6]
Often racial misrepresentation occurs when people of one race or ethnicity, unfamiliar with real people of another culture, replicate the racial stereotypes of that racial or ethnic group. Typically, this is seen as offensive when negative racial stereotypes are mimicked, but it can be also be experienced as inappropriate even when the imitation is intended as flattery.[7] An example of this is people wearing culturally insensitive Halloween costumes that depict these stereotypes.[8]
^Yang, Tseming (2006). "Choice and Fraud in Racial Identification: The Dilemma of Policing Race in Affirmative Action, the Census, and a Color-Blind Society". Mich. J. Race & L. 11: 367.
^Brazil, Cleuci de Oliveira in Pelotas (8 June 2017). "'Race fraud': how a college quota scandal exposed Brazil's historic racial tensions". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
^Weisskopf, Thomas E. (2004). Affirmative Action in the United States and India: A Comparative Perspective. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-99731-1.
^Higginbotham, F. Michael (2010). Race Law: Cases, Commentary, and Questions. Carolina Academic Press. pp. 90–100. ISBN 978-1-59460-599-4.
^Nishi, Naomi W.; Matias, Cheryl E.; Montoya, Roberto (2015-09-03). "Exposing the white avatar: projections, justifications, and the ever-evolving American racism". Social Identities. 21 (5): 459–473. doi:10.1080/13504630.2015.1093470. ISSN 1350-4630. S2CID 146739065.
^Dixon, Travis L. (2015-04-02). "Good Guys Are Still Always in White? Positive Change and Continued Misrepresentation of Race and Crime on Local Television News". Communication Research. 44 (6): 775–792. doi:10.1177/0093650215579223. ISSN 0093-6502. S2CID 29398572.
^Amutah, Christina; Greenidge, Kaliya; Mante, Adjoa; Munyikwa, Michelle; Surya, Sanjna L.; Higginbotham, Eve; Jones, David S.; Lavizzo-Mourey, Risa; Roberts, Dorothy; Tsai, Jennifer; Aysola, Jaya (March 4, 2021). "Misrepresenting Race — The Role of Medical Schools in Propagating Physician Bias". New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (9): 872–878. doi:10.1056/NEJMms2025768. PMID 33406326. S2CID 230820421.
^Ferdman, Bernardo M. (2017-04-24). "Paradoxes of Inclusion: Understanding and Managing the Tensions of Diversity and Multiculturalism". The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science. 53 (2): 235–263. doi:10.1177/0021886317702608. ISSN 0021-8863. S2CID 151677686.
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