The Proximal Origin is a reference to a scientific correspondence titled "The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2" and the events of scientific and political controversies arising from it.[1][2] The letter, published in the journal Nature Medicine on 17 March 2020, was written by a group of virologists including Kristian G. Andersen, Andrew Rambaut, W. Ian Lipkin, Edward C. Holmes and Robert F. Garry. The authors examined possibilities of an accidental leak of a natural or manipulated virus from a laboratory, and concluded that genomic analyses indicated that "SARS-CoV-2 is not a laboratory construct or a purposefully manipulated virus."[3][4][5]
The letter was highly influential in establishing the natural origin of COVID-19 in the early stages of the pandemic and generated controversy over the arguments it made against any lab-based origin scenario, and the link later drawn between its authors and public health officials alleged to have funded gain-of-function research at the Wuhan Institute of Virology prior to the pandemic.[6][7][8] Three years after the publication, in 2023, the US Republicans raised an allegation that the scientific paper was a coverup to suppress the COVID-19 lab leak theory.[9][10]
The private deliberations of the authors (during the writing of the paper) accidentally became public[11] and became a topic of discussion and debate.[12][13]
^Jon, Cohen (2023-07-11). "Politicians, scientists spar over alleged NIH cover-up using COVID-19 origin paper". Science. doi:10.1126/science.adj7036.
^"Wenstrup to Hold Hearing with "Proximal Origins" Authors". United States House Committee on Oversight and Accountability. 2023-08-11. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
^Andersen, Kristian G.; Rambaut, Andrew; Lipkin, W. Ian; Holmes, Edward C.; Garry, Robert F. (2020-03-17). "The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2". Nature Medicine. 26 (4): 450–452. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9. PMC 7095063. PMID 32284615.
^"Experts know the new coronavirus is not a bioweapon. They disagree on whether it could have leaked from a research lab". 30 March 2020.
^Kormann, Carolyn (12 October 2021). "The Mysterious Case of the COVID-19 Lab-Leak Theory". The New Yorker.
^Helden, Jacques van; Butler, Colin D.; Achaz, Guillaume; Canard, Bruno; Casane, Didier; Claverie, Jean-Michel; Colombo, Fabien; Courtier, Virginie; Ebright, Richard H.; Graner, François; Leitenberg, Milton; Morand, Serge; Petrovsky, Nikolai; Segreto, Rossana; Decroly, Etienne; Halloy, José (October 16, 2021). "An appeal for an objective, open, and transparent scientific debate about the origin of SARS-CoV-2". The Lancet. 398 (10309): 1402–1404. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02019-5. PMC 8448488. PMID 34543608.
^Gorman, James; Zimmer, Carl (14 June 2021). "Scientist Opens up About His Early Email to Fauci on Virus Origins". The New York Times.
^"House Republicans Release Text of Redacted Fauci Emails on Covid Origins". 12 January 2022.
^Diamond, Dan (2023-07-14). "GOP probes covid origin paper as authors protest 'absurd' allegations". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
^Stolberg, Sheryl Gay; Mueller, Benjamin (2023-07-11). "Scientists, Under Fire From Republicans, Defend Fauci and Covid Origins Study". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
^Grim, Ryan (2023-07-12). "House Republicans Accidentally Released a Trove of Damning Covid Documents". The Intercept. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
^Birrell, Ian (2023-07-28). "The secret messages behind the lab-leak cover-up". Yahoo! News. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
^Drum, Kevin (2023-08-11). "I read the entire Slack archive about the origin of SARS-CoV-2. There is no evidence of improper behavior". Jabberwocking. Retrieved 2023-08-22.
The ProximalOrigin is a reference to a scientific correspondence titled "The proximalorigin of SARS-CoV-2" and the events of scientific and political...
indicis (EI). The extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) has the most proximalorigin of the extrinsic hand extensors. It originates just distal to the brachioradialis...
artery to arise from the femoral artery and has the most superior or proximalorigin of all six genicular arteries. Five genicular arteries branch from...
shown). Distal phalanges of the foot Middle phalanges of the foot Proximal phalanges of the foot The phalanges are the bones that make up the fingers...
Palmaris brevis The ulnar nerve can suffer injury anywhere between its proximalorigin of the brachial plexus all the way to its distal branches in the hand...
but can still have a description that a part is close to the middle ("proximal") or further from the middle ("distal"). International organisations have...
The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is a concept in educational psychology. It represents the space between what a learner is capable of doing unsupported...
SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and substantially strengthens this hypothesis as the proximalorigin of the pandemic. In December 2019, an epidemic of a pneumonia cluster...
SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and substantially strengthens this hypothesis as the proximalorigin of the pandemic. Some Chinese researchers had published a preprint...
Lipkin, W. Ian; Holmes, Edward C.; Garry, Robert F. (April 2020). "The proximalorigin of SARS-CoV-2". Nature Medicine. 26 (4): 450–452. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9...
in the lower third and the distal extremity is smaller than the proximal. The proximal or upper extremity of the tibia is expanded in the transverse plane...
types of ulna fracture include: Monteggia fracture - a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with the dislocation of the head of the radius Hume fracture...
which the muscle is inserted. They are inserted into the bases of the proximal phalanges and into the extensor expansion of the corresponding extensor...
ligament Superior: inferior margin of the greater sciatic notch Inferior: proximalorigin of hamstrings at the ischial tuberosity The hip has five external rotators:...
action." Rambaut was one of the authors of the scientific paper The proximalorigin of SARS-CoV-2, which concluded that "SARS-CoV-2 is not a laboratory...
"radial tunnel" is the region from the humeroradial joint past the proximalorigin of the supinator muscle. Some scientists believe the radial tunnel...
periosteum which receives many small branches from the fibular artery. The proximal head and the epiphysis are supplied by a branch of the anterior tibial...
Lipkin, W. Ian; Holmes, Edward C.; Garry, Robert F. (April 2020). "The proximalorigin of SARS-CoV-2". Nature Medicine. 26 (4): 450–452. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9...
linguistically related to Gothic ams (shoulder) and Greek ōmos. The upper or proximal extremity of the humerus consists of the bone's large rounded head joined...
creases and bones, and surface markings for the volar arches. Only the proximalorigin parts of the proper palmar digital arteries are shown. Details Source...
metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and interphalangeal joints in the hand; the proximalorigin is thin but the distal insertion is stout. Due to the weight-bearing...
Global Information