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Royal anthem "God Save the Tsar!"[1] Боже, Царя храни!(Bulgarian) Bozhe, Tsarya khrani!(transliteration)
Principality of Bulgaria (dark green) and Eastern Rumelia (light green), united in 1885, formally as a personal union.
Principality of Bulgaria
Eastern Rumelia
Status
vassal of the Ottoman Empire[2][3][self-published source?]
Capital
Plovdiv (1878–1878) (Provisional Russian Administration in Bulgaria) Sofia (1878–1908) (Provisional Russian Administration in Bulgaria until June 1879) Tarnovo (1878–1878) (Bulgarian Constituent Assembly election, 1878)
None (rule by decree) (1878–1878) National Assembly (from 1878)
History
• Treaty of San Stefano
3 March 1878
• Treaty of Berlin
13 July 1878
• Constitution
28 April 1878
• Unification
6 September 1885
• Independence
5 October 1908
Currency
Bulgarian lev
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Danube Vilayet
Eastern Rumelia
Kingdom of Bulgaria
Today part of
Bulgaria Serbia
The Principality of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Княжество България, romanized: Knyazhestvo Balgariya) was a vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. It was established by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878.
After the Russo-Turkish War ended with a Russian victory, the Treaty of San Stefano was signed by Russia and the Ottoman Empire on 3 March 1878. Under this, a large Bulgarian vassal state was agreed to, which was significantly larger: its lands encompassed nearly all ethnic Bulgarians in the Balkans, and included most of Moesia, Thrace and Macedonia, stretching from the Black Sea to the Aegean. However, the United Kingdom and Austria-Hungary were against the establishment of such a large Russian client state in the Balkans, fearing it would shift the balance of power in the Mediterranean. Due to this, the great powers convened and signed the Treaty of Berlin, superseding the Treaty of San Stefano, which never went into effect. This created a much smaller principality, alongside an autonomous Eastern Rumelia within the Ottoman Empire.
In practice, Bulgaria's status as an Ottoman vassal was a legal fiction, and Bulgaria only acknowledged the authority of the Sublime Porte in a formal way. It had its own Constitution, flag and anthem, and conducted its own foreign policy. From 1880, it had its own currency as well. In 1885, a bloodless revolution resulted in Eastern Rumelia being de facto annexed by Bulgaria, which the Ottoman Empire accepted with the Tophane Agreement. On 5 October 1908, Bulgaria declared its independence as the Kingdom of Bulgaria.
^"Химнът на България през превратностите на времето". socbg.com. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
^Pearson, Raymond (25 September 2014). The Longman Companion to European Nationalism 1789–1920. Routledge. ISBN 9781317897774. Retrieved 15 October 2017 – via Google Books.
^Miller-Yianni, Martin (20 May 2010). Bulgarian History — A Concise Account. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781445716336. Retrieved 15 October 2017 – via Google Books.
^According to a Decree of September 4, 1878, the Imperial Russian Commissioner declared Bulgarian the official language of the Principality of Bulgaria. In the Constituent Assembly in 1878, which adopted the Tarnovo Constitution, the question of language was put to a vote and a majority decision was taken the Bulgarian language remained official for the Principality.For more see: Росен Ташев, Обща теория на правото. Основни правни понятия. (2010) изд. Сиби, стр. 101, ISBN 978-954-730-678-3.
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