Asparuh (Kanasubigi) Boris I (Prince) Simeon I (Tsar)
Last monarch
Simeon II
Formation
c. 680
Abolition
15 September 1946
Residence
Various historically Tsarevets (1185–1393) Royal Palace (1882–1946)
Appointer
Variously hereditary or elective
Pretender(s)
Simeon II
The monarchs of Bulgaria ruled Bulgaria during the medieval First (c. 680–1018) and Second (1185–1422) Bulgarian empires, as well as during the modern Principality (1879–1908) and Kingdom (1908–1946) of Bulgaria. This list includes monarchs from the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire until modern times, omitting earlier mythical rulers as well as rulers of separate states such as Old Great Bulgaria and Volga Bulgaria.
Various titles have been used by the rulers of Bulgaria. The earliest recorded title, used before Bulgaria's conversion to Christianity, is kanasubigi, which is an earlier form of the title knyaz. When Bulgaria converted to Christianity in the ninth century, the ruler Boris I (852–889) was using the title knyaz (prince).[1] For much of its later history under the first and second empires, Bulgaria functioned as a multi-ethnic imperial state modelled on the neighbouring Byzantine Empire,[2] which contributed to the adoption of the title of tsar (emperor) by Bulgarian monarchs beginning with Simeon I (893–927) in 913.[3] Some powerful medieval Bulgarian rulers challenged Byzantine authority by proclaiming themselves as both Bulgarian and Roman emperors.[4]
When Bulgaria re-emerged as a state in 1878 in the form of the Principality of Bulgaria, the rulers initially used the title knyaz since they were autonomous vassals of the Ottoman Empire and not fully independent.[5] From Bulgaria's complete independence from the Ottomans in 1908 until the abolition of the monarchy in 1946, Bulgarian monarchs once more used the title tsar,[6] though this time generally translated internationally as "king" rather than "emperor".[6][7]
^Cite error: The named reference Detrez-2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Madgearu, Alexandru (2016). The Asanids: The Political and Military History of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1280). BRILL. p. 50. ISBN 978-90-04-33319-2.
^Cite error: The named reference Crampton-1987 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2007). The Balkans: A Post-Communist History. Routledge. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-134-58328-7.
^Cite error: The named reference Tarnovo Const.-1879 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Temizer-2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Crampton-2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
and 28 Related for: List of Bulgarian monarchs information
(1879–1908) and Kingdom (1908–1946) ofBulgaria. This list includes monarchs from the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire until modern times, omitting...
This is a listof the heads of government of the modern Bulgarian state, from the establishment of the Principality ofBulgaria to the present day. Interim...
Bulgarian royal family (Bulgarian: Българско царско семейство, romanized: Balgarsko tsarsko semeystvo) is a line of the Koháry branch of the House of...
Ispor; Bulgarian: Аспарух, romanized: Asparuh or (rarely) Bulgarian: Исперих, romanized: Isperih) was а ruler of Bulgars in the second half of the 7th...
This is a listof currently reigning monarchs sorted by length of service. This list includes monarchs who do not reign over entire nations, such as Muhammad...
This is an archontological listof Albanian monarchs, containing monarchsof the medieval principalities, to heads of state of modern Albania. Starting...
of the Bulgarian State ListofBulgarianmonarchs Medieval Bulgarian army Bulgarian Orthodox Church Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic alphabet Bulgarian lands...
This is an archontological listof Serbian monarchs, containing monarchsof the medieval principalities, to heads of state of modern Serbia. The Serbian...
“Emperor of the United States of America” (1859-1880) Category: Fictional emperors and empresses This article includes a monarchs-related listof lists....
assumed the title Tsar of the Bulgarians. Diamond Crown ofBulgaria Regalia of the BulgarianmonarchListofBulgarianmonarchs "Цѣсарь Блъгарѡмъ". Zlatarski...
Bulgaria History ofBulgaria Politics ofBulgariaListofBulgarianmonarchsListof heads of the state ofBulgariaListof presidents ofBulgaria (1990–present)...
an incomplete listof women monarchs who are well known from popular writings, although many ancient and poorly documented ruling monarchs (such as those...
comprehensive lists, and family trees, of Georgian monarchs and rulers see Lists of Georgian monarchs. Many members of the Bagrationi dynasty were forced...
Bulgaria (1990-present) List of Bulgarianmonarchs Prime Minister ofBulgariaListof prime ministers ofBulgariaBulgarian election law permits voters to...
(11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election ofmonarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th to 18th...
The following is a listof patriarchs of All Bulgaria, heads of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. The Bulgarian Orthodox Church was recognized as an autocephalous...
This article lists monarchsof Montenegro, from the establishment of Duklja to the Kingdom of Montenegro which merged into the Kingdom of Serbia in 1918....
or csar; Bulgarian: цар, romanized: tsar; Russian: царь, romanized: tsar'; Serbian: цар, car) is a title historically used by Slavic monarchs. The term...
century. A listof surviving former monarchs appears at the end of the article. See also: Abolished monarchy, Listof current monarchs, Listof non-sovereign...
"malik" ("king") Bulgarian: In earlier periods Bulgarian people called him the "tsar". The translation of the Ottoman Constitution of 1876 instead used...
This is a listof Hungarian monarchs; it includes the grand princes (895–1000) and the kings and ruling queens of Hungary (1000–1918). The Hungarian Grand...
title "Prince of Bulgharia", in reference to Volga Bulgaria. ListofBulgarianmonarchs Shpakovsky, Viacheslav; Nicolle, David (2013). Armies of the Volga...