Hypothetical black hole formed soon after the Big Bang
Formation of the universe without (above) and with (below) primordial black holes
In cosmology, primordial black holes (PBHs) are hypothetical black holes that formed soon after the Big Bang. In the inflationary era and early radiation-dominated universe, extremely dense pockets of subatomic matter may have been tightly packed to the point of gravitational collapse, creating primordial black holes without the supernova compression typically needed to make black holes today. Because the creation of primordial black holes would pre-date the first stars, they are not limited to the narrow mass range of stellar black holes.
In 1966, Yakov Zeldovich and Igor Novikov first proposed the existence of such black holes,[1] while the first in-depth study was conducted by Stephen Hawking in 1971.[2] However, their existence has not been proven and remains hypothetical. In September 2022, primordial black holes were proposed by some researchers to explain the unexpected very large early galaxies discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).[3][4]
PBHs have long been considered possibly important if not nearly exclusive components of dark matter,[5][6][7][8] the latter perspective having been strengthened by both LIGO/Virgo interferometer gravitational wave and JWST observations.[9][10] Early constraints on PBHs as dark matter usually assumed most black holes would have similar or identical ("monochromatic") mass, which was disproven by LIGO/Virgo results,[11][12][13] and further suggestions that the actual black hole mass distribution is broadly platykurtic were evident from JWST observations of early large galaxies.[9][10] Recent analyses agree, suggesting a broad mass distribution with a mode around one solar mass.[14]
Many PBHs may have the mass of an asteroid but the size of a hydrogen atom and be travelling at enormous speed, with one likely within the solar system at any given time. Most likely they would just pass right through a star "like a bullet". However the ones traveling slowly would have a chance to be captured by the star.[15] Stephen Hawking proposed that that our Sun may harbor such a PBH.[16]
^Zel'dovitch & Novikov (14 March 1966). "The Hypothesis of Cores Retarded During Expansion and the Hot Cosmological MOdel". Soviet Astronomy. 10 (4): 602–603. Bibcode:1966AZh....43..758Z.
^Hawking, S (1971). "Gravitationally collapsed objects of very low mass". Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 152: 75. Bibcode:1971MNRAS.152...75H. doi:10.1093/mnras/152.1.75.
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^Cite error: The named reference Frampton was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Villanueva-Domingo, Pablo; Mena, Olga; Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio (2021). "A Brief Review on Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter". Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences. 8: 87. arXiv:2103.12087. Bibcode:2021FrASS...8...87V. doi:10.3389/fspas.2021.681084. ISSN 2296-987X.
^Green, Anne M; Kavanagh, Bradley J (1 April 2021). "Primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate". Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. 48 (4): 043001. arXiv:2007.10722. Bibcode:2021JPhG...48d3001G. doi:10.1088/1361-6471/abc534. ISSN 0954-3899. S2CID 220666201. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
^Cite error: The named reference Lacki was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abHütsi, Gert; Raidal, Martti; Urrutia, Juan; Vaskonen, Ville; Veermäe, Hardi (2 February 2023). "Did JWST observe imprints of axion miniclusters or primordial black holes?". Physical Review D. 107 (4): 043502. arXiv:2211.02651. Bibcode:2023PhRvD.107d3502H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.107.043502. S2CID 253370365.
^ abBird, Simeon; Albert, Andrea; Dawson, Will; Ali-Haïmoud, Yacine; Coogan, Adam; Drlica-Wagner, Alex; Feng, Qi; Inman, Derek; Inomata, Keisuke; Kovetz, Ely; Kusenko, Alexander; Lehmann, Benjamin V.; Muñoz, Julian B.; Singh, Rajeev; Takhistov, Volodymyr; Tsai, Yu-Dai (1 August 2023). "Primordial black hole dark matter". Physics of the Dark Universe. 41: 101231. arXiv:2203.08967. Bibcode:2023PDU....4101231B. doi:10.1016/j.dark.2023.101231. ISSN 2212-6864. S2CID 247518939.
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^Carr, B. J.; Clesse, S.; García-Bellido, J.; Hawkins, M. R. S.; Kühnel, F. (26 February 2024). "Observational evidence for primordial black holes: A positivist perspective". Physics Reports. 1054: 1–68. arXiv:2306.03903. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2023.11.005. ISSN 0370-1573. See Figure 39.
In cosmology, primordialblackholes (PBHs) are hypothetical blackholes that formed soon after the Big Bang. In the inflationary era and early radiation-dominated...
or possibly through subsequent phase transitions (referred to as primordialblackholes). They might be observed by astrophysicists through the particles...
A blackhole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, including light and other electromagnetic waves, is capable of possessing...
detect flares from any low-mass blackhole in the outer Solar System, including a possible Planet Nine primordialblackhole. In 2023, it was shown that a...
A supermassive blackhole (SMBH or sometimes SBH) is the largest type of blackhole, with its mass being on the order of hundreds of thousands, or millions...
blackholes and should dissipate faster per their mass. As such, if small blackholes exist such as permitted by the hypothesis of primordialblack holes...
composite particle. The leading theory for composite dark matter are primordialblackholes. Any dark matter candidate with a mass less than approximately 1 eV...
the denomination of direct collapse blackhole. In other words, these objects collapse directly from the primordial gas cloud, not from a stellar progenitor...
triggered at any time by primordialblackholes, should they exist. The authors note, however, that if primordialblackholes cause a false vacuum collapse...
likely primordialblackholes. Until 2016, the largest known stellar blackhole was 15.65±1.45 solar masses. In September 2015, a rotating blackhole of 62±4...
small, substellar, primordialblackhole, and is partially or completely powered by energy from matter accreting into the blackhole, rather than stellar...
decouple; these neutrinos form the cosmic neutrino background (CνB). If primordialblackholes exist, they are also formed at about one second of cosmic time....
create blackholes. Although most regions of high density would be quickly dispersed by the expansion of the universe, a primordialblackhole would be...
blackholes so far discovered (and probable candidates), measured in units of solar masses (M☉), approximately 2×1030 kilograms. A supermassive black...
mechanical blackholes, or mini blackholes, for which quantum mechanical effects play an important role. These could potentially have arisen as primordial black...
January 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2014. Carr, Bernard John (1976). Primordialblackholes (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. Archived from the original...
extremely high. Therefore, these hypothetical miniature blackholes are called primordialblackholes. Gravitational time dilation near a large, slowly rotating...
reverse of a blackhole, from which energy-matter, light and information cannot escape. White holes appear in the theory of eternal blackholes. In addition...
Airport Pratapgarh Junction railway station Price County Airport Primordialblackhole Pro Beach Hockey This disambiguation page lists articles associated...
proposed category of stupendously large blackholes (SLABs), blackholes that may have been seeded by primordialblackholes with masses that may reach 100 billion M☉...
interests include the early universe, dark matter, general relativity, primordialblackholes, and the anthropic principle. He completed his BA in mathematics...
compact star) refers collectively to white dwarfs, neutron stars, and blackholes. It could also include exotic stars if such hypothetical, dense bodies...
star takes approximately fourteen billion years, such that even primordialblackholes are only now starting to rebound from an outside perspective. Furthermore...
theorems) Primordialblackhole Gravastar Dark star Dark energy star Black star Magnetospheric eternally collapsing object Fuzzball White hole Naked singularity...
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