Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago information
Colony in Southeast Asia
Portuguese rule in Insulindia[a]
c. 1522–1605
Flag
Coat of Arms
Map of the Portuguese empire in the East Indies (including the Indonesian Archipelago), Atlas Miller.
Status
Settlement and possessions of the Portuguese Empire
Capital
São João Baptista de Ternate in Ternate (1523–1575)
Nossa Senhora de Anunciada in Amboina, Moluccas (1575–1605)
Common languages
Portuguese, Malay, Ternate, Tidore, Other indigenous language.
Government
Monarchy
Monarch
• 1522–1557
John III
• 1598–1605
Philip II
Captain-General
• 1522–1525 (first)
Antonio de Brito
• 1602–1605 (last)
Pedro Alvares de Abreu
Historical era
Early modern
• Established
c. 1522
• Treaty of Zaragoza
22 April 1529
• Defeat and fall
22 February 1605
Succeeded by
Dutch East India Company
Portuguese colonization era
1512–1605
Map from 1519 showing the islands of North Maluku, with the Portuguese banner planted.
Location
Malay Archipelago, East Indies
Including
Portuguese–Ternate wars
Leader(s)
Alfonso de Albuquerque António de Abreu Francisco Serrão
Key events
Age of Discovery
Chronology
Era of Islam
Dutch East India Company Portuguese Timor
The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a colonial presence in the Indonesian Archipelago. Their quest to dominate the source of the spices that sustained the lucrative spice trade in the early 16th century, along with missionary efforts by Roman Catholic orders, saw the establishment of trading posts and forts, and left behind a Portuguese cultural element that remains in modern-day Indonesia.
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