21 February 1513(1513-02-21) (aged 69) Rome, Papal States
Buried
St. Peter's Basilica, Rome
Parents
Raffaello della Rovere and Theodora Manerola
Children
Felice della Rovere
Previous post(s)
Archbishop of Avignon (1474–1503)
Cardinal-bishop of Sabina (1479–1483)
Camerlengo of the Cardinals (1479)
Cardinal-bishop of Ostia (1483–1503)
Coat of arms
Other popes named Julius
Pope Julius II (Latin: Iulius II; Italian: Giulio II; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death, in February 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope, Battle Pope or the Fearsome Pope, he chose his papal name not in honour of Pope Julius I but in emulation of Julius Caesar.[1] One of the most powerful and influential popes, Julius II was a central figure of the High Renaissance and left a significant cultural and political legacy.[2] As a result of his policies during the Italian Wars, the Papal States increased their power and centralization, and the office of the papacy continued to be crucial, diplomatically and politically, during the entirety of the 16th century in Italy and Europe.
In 1506, Julius II established the Vatican Museums and initiated the rebuilding of the St. Peter's Basilica. The same year he organized the famous Swiss Guard for his personal protection and commanded a successful campaign in Romagna against local lords. The interests of Julius II lay also in the New World, as he ratified the Treaty of Tordesillas, establishing the first bishoprics in the Americas and beginning the Catholicization of Latin America. In 1508, he commissioned the Raphael Rooms and Michelangelo's paintings in the Sistine Chapel.
Julius II was described by Machiavelli in his works as an ideal prince. Pope Julius II allowed people seeking indulgences to donate money to the Church, which would be used for the construction of Saint Peter's Basilica.[3] He was fiercely satirized after his death by Erasmus of Rotterdam in Julius Excluded from Heaven, in which the drunken pope, denied entry by St Peter, justifies his worldly life and threatens to found his own paradise.[4]
^Cunningham, Lawrence S.; Reich, John J.; Fichner-Rathus, Lois (2013). Culture and Values: A Survey of the Humanities. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1285674780 – via Google Books.
^Blech, Benjamin; Doliner, Roy (2008). The Sistene Secrets. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. p. 106. ISBN 978-0061469046. The term 'terrible' was first applied by Julius himself to Michaelangelo, and only later to the Pope by others: Pastor 1902, VI, pp. 214–215.
^Indulgences, which remit the temporal effects of sins that have already been forgiven, involve the person receiving the indulgence performing a penance of some kind, such as performing a certain devotional practice or doing some sort of good work, which can take the form of donating to a charitable cause. Kent, William. "Indulgences". The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 26 May 2020..
^Cite error: The named reference Britannica was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
PopeJuliusII (Latin: Iulius II; Italian: Giulio II; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and...
The Tomb of PopeJuliusII is a sculptural and architectural ensemble by Michelangelo and his assistants, originally commissioned in 1505 but not completed...
PopeJulius could refer to: PopeJulius I (337–352) PopeJuliusII, (1503–1513) The Warrior PopePopeJulius (game), a card game thought to be named after...
succeeded PopeJulius III. Before his accession as pope he had been Cardinal-Priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme. He is the most recent pope to choose...
PopeJuliusII (reigned 1503–1513), commissioned a series of highly influential art and architecture projects in the Vatican. The painting of the Sistine...
PopeJulius III (Latin: Iulius PP. III; Italian: Giulio III; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was head of the...
PopeJuliusII died and was succeeded by Pope Leo X, the second son of Lorenzo de' Medici. From 1513 to 1516, Pope Leo was on good terms with Pope Julius's...
commonly called, were originally intended as a suite of apartments for PopeJuliusII. He commissioned Raphael, then a relatively young artist from Urbino...
PopeJulius I was the bishop of Rome from 6 February 337 to his death on 12 April 352. He is notable for asserting the authority of the pope over the Arian...
Raphael. It was painted between 1509 and 1511 as part of a commission by PopeJuliusII to decorate the rooms now called the Stanze di Raffaello in the Apostolic...
army on the way to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope in Rome. Meanwhile, PopeJuliusII, intending to curb Venetian influence in northern Italy...
elevated to the cardinalate in 1489. Following the death of PopeJuliusII, Giovanni was elected pope after securing the backing of the younger members of the...
brother of Francesco della Rovere, later Pope Sixtus IV, and the father of Giuliano della Rovere, later PopeJuliusII. Raffaello della Rovere, sometimes spelt...
1536), also known as Madonna Felice, was the illegitimate daughter of PopeJuliusII. One of the most powerful women of the Italian Renaissance, she was...
dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Between 1508 and 1512, under the patronage of PopeJuliusII, Michelangelo painted the chapel's ceiling, a project that changed the...
convoked by PopeJuliusII to restore peace between Catholic rulers and assert the authority of the Pope. When elected pope in 1503, PopeJuliusII promised...
becoming an emissary to PopeJuliusII. That same year, with the assistance of PopeJulius and the Spanish troops of Ferdinand II of Aragon, the Medici...
Sylvester II, Pope Stephen IX, Pope Nicholas II, Pope Urban II, Pope Callistus II, Pope Urban IV, Pope Clement IV, Pope Innocent V, Pope Martin IV, Pope Clement...
in north Italy until in 1508 he moved to Rome at the invitation of PopeJuliusII, to work on the Apostolic Palace at the Vatican. He was given a series...
PopeJuliusII (r. 1503–1513) created 27 cardinals in 6 consistories. Clemente Grosso della Rovere Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere François Guillaume...
(1464–1471) Pope Sixtus IV (1471–1484) Pope Innocent VIII (1484–1492) Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503) Pope Pius III (1503) PopeJuliusII (1503–1513) Pope Leo X...
which raised opposition from PopeJuliusII, since the Tolfa mine was a part of papal territory and had given the Pope monopoly control over alum.[citation...
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