Polysaccharide A (PSA) is a polysaccharide produced by the Gram-negative bacterium Bacteroides fragilis.[1]B.fragilis produces eight identified distinct capsular polysaccharides, identified by the letters "A" through "H".[2]
PSA colonization of B. fragilis in the gut mucosa induces regulatory T cells and suppresses pro-inflammatory T helper 17 cells.[2] PSA has been shown to protect animals from experimental diseases like colitis, asthma, or pulmonary inflammation.[2] Nonetheless, PSA can be pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory.[3]
^Sun F, Zhang Q, Chen W (2019). "A potential species of next-generation probiotics? The dark and light sides of Bacteroides fragilis in health". Food Research International. 126: 108590. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108590. PMID 31732047. S2CID 201203450.
^ abcErturk-Hasdemir D, Ochoa-Repáraz J, Kasper DL, Kasper LH (2021). "Exploring the Gut-Brain Axis for the Control of CNS Inflammatory Demyelination: Immunomodulation by Bacteroides fragilis' Polysaccharide A". Frontiers in Immunology. 12: 662807. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.662807. PMC 8131524. PMID 34025663.
^Alvarez CA, Jones MB, Hambor J, Cobb BA (2020). "Characterization of Polysaccharide A Response Reveals Interferon Responsive Gene Signature and Immunomodulatory Marker Expression". Frontiers in Immunology. 11: 556813. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.556813. PMC 7649347. PMID 33193325.
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