Polycrystalline silicon, or multicrystalline silicon, also called polysilicon, poly-Si, or mc-Si, is a high purity, polycrystalline form of silicon, used as a raw material by the solar photovoltaic and electronics industry.
Polysilicon is produced from metallurgical grade silicon by a chemical purification process, called the Siemens process. This process involves distillation of volatile silicon compounds, and their decomposition into silicon at high temperatures. An emerging, alternative process of refinement uses a fluidized bed reactor. The photovoltaic industry also produces upgraded metallurgical-grade silicon (UMG-Si), using metallurgical instead of chemical purification processes.[1] When produced for the electronics industry, polysilicon contains impurity levels of less than one part per billion (ppb), while polycrystalline solar grade silicon (SoG-Si) is generally less pure.
A few companies from China, Germany, Japan, Korea and the United States, such as GCL-Poly, Wacker Chemie, Tokuyama, OCI, and Hemlock Semiconductor, as well as the Norwegian headquartered REC, accounted for most of the worldwide production of about 230,000 tonnes in 2013.[2]
The polysilicon feedstock – large rods, usually broken into chunks of specific sizes and packaged in clean rooms before shipment – is directly cast into multicrystalline ingots or submitted to a recrystallization process to grow single crystal boules. The boules are then sliced into thin silicon wafers and used for the production of solar cells, integrated circuits and other semiconductor devices.
Polysilicon consists of small crystals, also known as crystallites, giving the material its typical metal flake effect. While polysilicon and multisilicon are often used as synonyms, multicrystalline usually refers to crystals larger than one millimetre. Multicrystalline solar cells are the most common type of solar cells in the fast-growing PV market and consume most of the worldwide produced polysilicon. About 5 tons of polysilicon is required to manufacture one 1 megawatt (MW) conventional solar modules.[3][citation needed] Polysilicon is distinct from monocrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon.
^Méndez, Laura; Forniés, Eduardo; Garrain, Daniel; Pérez Vázquez, Antonio; Souto, Alejandro; Vlasenko, Timur (1 October 2021). "Upgraded metallurgical grade silicon and polysilicon for solar electricity production: A comparative life cycle assessment". Science of the Total Environment. 789: 147969. arXiv:2102.11571. Bibcode:2021ScTEn.789n7969M. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147969. PMID 34082204. S2CID 232013656.
^Cite error: The named reference BNEF polysilicon-production-2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference polysilicon-marketrealist was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
and 24 Related for: Polycrystalline silicon information
Polycrystallinesilicon, or multicrystalline silicon, also called polysilicon, poly-Si, or mc-Si, is a high purity, polycrystalline form of silicon, used...
Compositionally pure polycrystallinesilicon wafers are useful for photovoltaics. Dislocation-free and extremely flat single-crystal silicon wafers are required...
Monocrystalline silicon differs from other allotropic forms, such as non-crystalline amorphous silicon—used in thin-film solar cells—and polycrystallinesilicon, which...
monocrystalline silicon. Ribbon silicon is a type of polycrystallinesilicon—it is formed by drawing flat thin films from molten silicon and results in...
Crystalline silicon or (c-Si) Is the crystalline forms of silicon, either polycrystallinesilicon (poly-Si, consisting of small crystals), or monocrystalline...
Amorphous silicon differs from other allotropic variations, such as monocrystalline silicon—a single crystal, and polycrystallinesilicon, that consists...
monocrystalline silicon and 40% consisted of polycrystallinesilicon. Expansions 3B, 4A, and 4B will produce exclusively monocrystalline silicon. Daqo's Chongqing...
misnomer, because the gate material can be a layer of polysilicon (polycrystallinesilicon). Similarly, "oxide" in the name can also be a misnomer, as different...
allowing for more efficient absorption by photovoltaic cells. Polycrystallinesilicon carbide (SiC) is the most commonly used emitter for burner TPVs...
amorphous phase. This is in contrast to polycrystallinesilicon (poly-Si) which consists solely of crystalline silicon grains, separated by grain boundaries...
Polycrystallinesilicon, also called polysilicon, is a material consisting of small silicon crystals. The latter differs from mocrystalline silicon used...
(chemical vapor deposition) has been scaled up to produce disks of polycrystallinesilicon carbide up to 3.5 m (11 ft) in diameter, and several telescopes...
headquartered in the United States. Polycrystallinesilicon, also called polysilicon, is a high purity, polycrystalline form of silicon, used as a raw material by...
investigated example is represented by the unoriented molecules of thin polycrystallinesilicon films. Wedge-shaped polycrystals were identified by transmission...
amorphous silicon between two metal conductors. When a sufficiently high voltage is applied across the amorphous silicon it is turned into a polycrystalline silicon-metal...
present in materials like germanium, polycrystallinesilicon, amorphous silicon, silicon carbide, and single crystal silicon. Hence, semiconductor strain gauges...
formal grammar Crystalline silicon on glass, see Polycrystallinesilicon photovoltaics#Novel ideas for polycrystallinesilicon Haeco-CSG, an obsolete audio...
c-Si/SiOx/poly-Si (POLO; polycrystallinesilicon on oxide). Hybrid inorganic–organic heterojunction solar cells have been produced using n-type silicon coated with...
each pixel and the rest of the silicon film is etched away to allow light to easily pass through it. Polycrystallinesilicon is sometimes used in displays...
SunTegra, have chosen to use the industry-standard monocrystalline or polycrystallinesilicon solar cells in their POWERHOUSE 3.0, Apollo II, and SunTegra Shingle...