Geitonogamy (from Greek geiton (γείτων) = neighbor + gamein (γαμεῖν) = to marry) is a type of self-pollination.[1] Geitonogamous pollination is sometimes distinguished from the fertilizations that can result from it, geitonogamy.[2] If a plant is self-incompatible, geitonogamy can reduce seed production.[3]
Geitonogamy is when pollen is exported using a vector (pollinator or wind) out of one flower but only to another flower on the same plant. It is a form of self-fertilization.
In flowering plants, pollen is transferred from a flower to another flower on the same plant, and in animal pollinated systems this is accomplished by a pollinator visiting multiple flowers on the same plant. Geitonogamy is also possible within species that are wind-pollinated, and may actually be a quite common source of self-fertilized seeds in self-compatible species.[4] It also occurs in monoecious gymnosperms.[5] Although geitonogamy is functionally cross-pollination involving a pollinating agent, genetically it is similar to autogamy since the pollen grains come from the same plant.
Monoecious plants like maize show geitonogamy. Geitonogamy is not possible for strictly dioecious plants, namely those with separate male and female flowers on different plants.
^Eckert, C.G. (2000). "Contributions of autogamy and geitonogamy to self-fertilization in a mass-flowering, clonal plant". Ecology. 81 (2): 532–542. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0532:coaagt]2.0.co;2.
^Hessing, M.B. (1988). "Geitonogamous Pollination and Its Consequences in Gernium caespitosum". American Journal of Botany. 75 (9): 1324–1333. doi:10.2307/2444455. JSTOR 2444455.
^Ito, E.; Kikuzawa, K. (2003), "Reduction of geitonogamy: Flower abscission for departure of pollinators", Ecological Research, 18 (2): 177–183, doi:10.1046/j.1440-1703.2003.00545.x, S2CID 22698719
^Friedman, J.; Barrett, S.C.H. (January 2009). "The consequences of monoecy and protogyny for mating in wind-pollinated Carex". New Phytologist. 181 (2): 489–497. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.708.6664. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02664.x. PMID 19121043.
^Williams, C.G. (2009). Conifer Reproductive Biology. New York: Springer. ISBN 9781402096013. OCLC 405547163.
that can result from it, geitonogamy. If a plant is self-incompatible, geitonogamy can reduce seed production. Geitonogamy is when pollen is exported...
blooming simultaneously, suggesting that borage has a high degree of geitonogamy (intraplant pollination). It has an indeterminate growth habit, which...
flowers of the same individual. In contrast to within-flower interference, geitonogamy necessarily involves the same processes as outcrossing: pollinator attraction...
Allogamy is also known as cross fertilization, in contrast to autogamy or geitonogamy which are methods of self-fertilization. Self-fertilization, also known...
of one flower by the pollen of a different flower of the same plant (geitonogamy) is common. The gynoecium consists of two carpels fused into a single...
types of pollen grains to the stigma. The term xenogamy (along with geitonogamy and autogamy) was first suggested by Kerner in 1876. Cross-pollination...
suppress cross-fertilization (allogamy) and self-fertilization (autogamy or geitonogamy). The pollination syndromes of monocots can be quite distinct; they include...
PMC 3652455. PMID 23595268. Eckert CG (2000). "Contributions of Autogamy and Geitonogamy to Self-Fertilization in a Mass-Flowering, Clonal Plant". Ecology. 81...
Royal Society - The effects of nectar addition on pollen removal and geitonogamy in the non-rewarding orchid Anacamptis morio "Britannica Blog: The Deceptive...
It reproduces with a mixed pollination system which favors selfing by geitonogamy but at the same time can be an out-crosser by anemophily (wind pollination)...
Eckert, Christopher G. (February 2000). "Contributions of Autogamy and Geitonogamy to Self-Fertilization in a Mass-Flowering, Clonal Plant". Ecology. 81...
anther (male part) to the stigma (female part) of the same flower; or geitonogamy, when pollen is transferred from anther of a flower to stigma of another...
exarillata is an outcrossing species, producing negligible fruit-set under geitonogamy and no fruit-set under autogamy. The seeds are mechanically dispersed...
nototribic (dorsal) pollination. It can reproduce through xenogamy, geitonogamy, and autogamy. Plants that develop from seed appear and flower later...
9699025. S2CID 95551382. Montaner, C.; Floris, E.; Alvarez, J. M. (2001). "Geitonogamy: A mechanism responsible for high selfing rates in borage (Borago officinalis...
"Explaining Outcrossing Rate in Campanulastrum americanum (Campanulaceae): Geitonogamy and Cryptic Self‐Incompatibility". International Journal of Plant Sciences...
individual flowers fertilising themselves, but does nothing to prevent geitonogamy: fertilisation of flowers by different flowers on the same plant. Because...
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