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An image of multiple chromosomes, taken from many cells
Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants.[1][2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems. Plant genetics is similar in many ways to animal genetics but differs in a few key areas.
The discoverer of genetics was Gregor Mendel, a late 19th-century scientist and Augustinian friar. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring. He observed that organisms (most famously pea plants) inherit traits by way of discrete "units of inheritance". This term, still used today, is a somewhat ambiguous definition of what is referred to as a gene. Much of Mendel's work with plants still forms the basis for modern plant genetics.
Plants, like all known organisms, use DNA to pass on their traits. Animal genetics often focuses on parentage and lineage, but this can sometimes be difficult in plant genetics due to the fact that plants can, unlike most animals, be self-fertile. Speciation can be easier in many plants due to unique genetic abilities, such as being well adapted to polyploidy. Plants are unique in that they are able to produce energy-dense carbohydrates via photosynthesis, a process which is achieved by use of chloroplasts. Chloroplasts, like the superficially similar mitochondria, possess their own DNA. Chloroplasts thus provide an additional reservoir for genes and genetic diversity, and an extra layer of genetic complexity not found in animals.
The study of plant genetics has major economic impacts: many staple crops are genetically modified to increase yields, confer pest and disease resistance, provide resistance to herbicides, or to increase their nutritional value.
^Griffiths, Anthony J. F.; Miller, Jeffrey H.; Suzuki, David T.; Lewontin, Richard C.; Gelbart, eds. (2000). "Genetics and the Organism: Introduction". An Introduction to Genetic Analysis (7th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-3520-5.
Plantgenetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. It is generally considered a field of biology and botany...
genetics started with Mendel's studies of the nature of inheritance in plants. In his paper "Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden" ("Experiments on Plant Hybridization")...
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history of genetics dates from the classical era with contributions by Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Aristotle, Epicurus, and others. Modern genetics began with...
notable awards for biology. It includes a general list and lists of ecology, genetics and neuroscience awards. It excludes awards for biochemistry, biomedical...
Bacterial genetics is the subfield of genetics devoted to the study of bacterial genes. Bacterial genetics are subtly different from eukaryotic genetics, however...
relationships, systematics, and plant taxonomy. Dominant themes in 21st century plant science are molecular genetics and epigenetics, which study the...
officially called, is a research institute of plantgenetics, located in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The Institute of Plant Industry was established in 1921. Nikolai...
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79–87. Renate Schmidt; Ian Bancroft, eds. (2010). Genetics and Genomics of the Brassicaceae. PlantGenetics and Genomics: Crops and Models. Vol. 9. Springer...
This is an alphabetical list of plants used in herbalism. Phytochemicals possibly involved in biological functions are the basis of herbalism, and may...
phytochemistry (biochemistry of plants), cell biology, genetics, biophysics and molecular biology. The field of plant physiology includes the study of...
"Physcomitrella and Arabidopsis: the David and Goliath of reverse genetics". Trends in Plant Science. 3 (6): 209–10. doi:10.1016/S1360-1385(98)01257-6. Reinhard...
2022. Keller J (2001) Pandanaceae. In: Hanelt P, Institute of PlantGenetics and Crop Plant Research (eds) Mansfeld’s encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural...
Microbial genetics is a subject area within microbiology and genetic engineering. Microbial genetics studies microorganisms for different purposes. The...
KM, Foster GD, and Bailey AM (June 2017). "Insights into the classical genetics of Clitopilus passeckerianus – the pleuromutilin producing mushroom". Frontiers...
Horticultural Taxonomy". In Grumet, Rebecca (ed.). Genetics and Genomics of Cucurbitaceae. PlantGenetics and Genomics: Crops and Models. Vol. 20. Cham: Springer...
1962)[citation needed] is an Indian scientist specializing in the field of PlantGenetics and Breeding. He is known for his contribution to Basmati rice breeding...
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