Global InformationPipeline information
A pipeline is a system of pipes for long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas, typically to a market area for consumption. The latest data from 2014 gives a total of slightly less than 2,175,000 miles (3,500,000 km) of pipeline in 120 countries around the world.[1] The United States had 65%, Russia had 8%, and Canada had 3%, thus 76% of all pipeline were in these three countries.[1] The main attribute to pollution from pipelines is caused by corrosion and leakage [2]
Pipeline and Gas Journal's worldwide survey figures indicate that 118,623 miles (190,905 km) of pipelines are planned and under construction. Of these, 88,976 miles (143,193 km) represent projects in the planning and design phase; 29,647 miles (47,712 km) reflect pipelines in various stages of construction. Liquids and gases are transported in pipelines, and any chemically stable substance can be sent through a pipeline.[3]
The pollution caused from the pipeline is because of leakage. If there were to be better designed pipes that prevent the leakage from happening, there would be much less pollution due to the pipeline. [4] This article explains how much the pipeline would affect our environment even with one spill. They also explain how different sized pipes and better equipment will prevent leakage. [5] We need to start focusing on our country's environment and trying to keep the environment healthy. A main source of pollution is pointing to our pipelines. We need to focus on better technology to prevent our pipelines from spilling waste and harming the earth.[6] There are multiple different reasons for how the pipeline causes so much pollution. We need to focus on different accuracy for the use of the pipeline. We then need to know the methods and learn about our ecosystem to keep it clean. New sources to help prevent pollution caused by the pipeline is called a “clean burn”. It burns the oils and gasses safely to prevent pollution when there is leakage. exist for the transport of crude and refined petroleum, fuels – such as oil, natural gas and biofuels – and other fluids including sewage, slurry, water, beer, hot water or steam for shorter distances. Pipelines are useful for transporting water for drinking or irrigation over long distances when it needs to move over hills, or where canals or channels are poor choices due to considerations of evaporation, pollution, or environmental impact.
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Oil pipelines are made from steel or plastic tubes which are usually buried. The oil is moved through the pipelines by pump stations along the pipeline. Natural gas (and similar gaseous fuels) are pressurized into liquids known as natural gas liquids (NGLs).[7] Natural gas pipelines are constructed of carbon steel. Hydrogen pipeline transport is the transportation of hydrogen through a pipe. Pipelines are one of the safest ways of transporting materials as compared to road or rail, and hence in war, pipelines are often the target of military attacks.[8]
- ^ a b "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ^ He, Guoxi; Tian, Zhiyuan; Liao, Kexi; Shi, Jun; Wang, Liang (2023-09-01). "Numerical investigation on the migration of leaked pollutants after liquid pressurized pipeline leakage regarding oil and gas parallel pipelines situation". Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 177: 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.psep.2023.06.055. ISSN 0957-5820.
- ^ "Pipeline transport". Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ Zhang, Chao; Wu, Jiansong; Hu, Xiaofeng; Ni, Shunjiang (July 2018). "A probabilistic analysis model of oil pipeline accidents based on an integrated Event-Evolution-Bayesian (EEB) model". Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 117: 694–703. doi:10.1016/j.psep.2018.06.017. ISSN 0957-5820.
- ^ Mack, Joel; Endemann, Buck (February 2010). "Making carbon dioxide sequestration feasible: Toward federal regulation of CO2 sequestration pipelines". Energy Policy. 38 (2): 735–743. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.10.018. ISSN 0301-4215.
- ^ Silva, Rubsom; Cunha, Alisson (2023-08-08). "In-service lowering of a 16" distribution gas pipeline for the duplication of BR-381 highway". Proceedings of the Rio Pipeline Conference and Exhibition 2023. IBP. doi:10.48072/2447-2069.rpc.2023.041.
- ^ "» The Transportation of Natural Gas NaturalGas.org". Retrieved 2019-07-18.
- ^ "HDPE Pipes and Poly Pipe Fittings | Polyethylene Pipe Systems". All Plastic Pipe Here | Hdpe Pipe, Corrugated Pipe Systems (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-12-15.