An artist's impression of a Pioneer spacecraft on its way to interstellar space.
Mission type
Planetary and heliosphere exploration
Operator
NASA / ARC
COSPAR ID
1973-019A
SATCAT no.
6421
Website
Pioneer Project website (archived) NASA Archive page
Mission duration
22 years, 7 months and 19 days
Spacecraft properties
Manufacturer
TRW
Launch mass
258.5 kg[1]
Power
155 watts (at launch)
Start of mission
Launch date
April 6, 1973, 02:11:00 (1973-04-06UTC02:11Z) UTC[1]
Rocket
Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1A Star-37E
Launch site
Cape Canaveral LC-36B
End of mission
Last contact
November 24, 1995 (1995-11-25)
Flyby of Jupiter
Closest approach
December 3, 1974
Distance
43,000 kilometers (27,000 miles)
Flyby of Saturn
Closest approach
September 1, 1979
Distance
21,000 kilometers (13,000 miles)
Pioneer
← Pioneer 10
Pioneer 12 →
Pioneer 11 (also known as Pioneer G) is a NASA robotic space probe launched on April 5, 1973, to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter and Saturn, the solar wind, and cosmic rays.[2] It was the first probe to encounter Saturn, the second to fly through the asteroid belt, and the second to fly by Jupiter. Later, Pioneer 11 became the second of five artificial objects to achieve an escape velocity allowing it to leave the Solar System. Due to power constraints and the vast distance to the probe, the last routine contact with the spacecraft was on September 30, 1995, and the last good engineering data was received on November 24, 1995.[3]
^ ab"Pioneer 11". NASA's Solar System Exploration website. Retrieved December 1, 2022.
^Cite error: The named reference PionOdys was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Status was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Pioneer11 (also known as Pioneer G) is a NASA robotic space probe launched on April 5, 1973, to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter...
The Pioneer plaques are a pair of gold-anodized aluminum plaques that were placed on board the 1972 Pioneer 10 and 1973 Pioneer11 spacecraft, featuring...
Pioneer 10 (originally designated Pioneer F) is a NASA space probe launched in 1972 that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter. Pioneer 10...
Saturn, and two to explore Venus. The two outer planet probes, Pioneer 10 and Pioneer11, became the first two of five artificial objects to achieve the...
had a thick atmosphere—a feature unique among the Solar System's moons. Pioneer11 made the first flyby of Saturn in September 1979, when it passed within...
The Pioneer anomaly, or Pioneer effect, was the observed deviation from predicted accelerations of the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer11 spacecraft after they...
functioning and are regularly contacted by radio communication, while Pioneer 10 and Pioneer11 are now defunct. In addition to these spacecraft, some upper stages...
overtook Pioneer 10 as the second most distant human-made object from the Sun. Pioneer11, launched a year after Pioneer 10, took similar data as Pioneer out...
agency NASA: Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Pioneer 10, Pioneer11 and New Horizons. Also as of 2023, Voyager 1, Voyager 2 and Pioneer 10 are the only probes to have...
of missions to the outer planets article. Saturn was first visited by Pioneer11 in September 1979. It flew within 20,000 kilometres (12,000 mi) of the...
Pioneer Corporation (パイオニア株式会社, Paionia Kabushiki-gaisha), commonly referred to as Pioneer, is a Japanese multinational corporation based in Tokyo, that...
have been designated Pioneer 12; that designation was later applied to the Pioneer Venus Orbiter. As planning for the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions progressed...
moon, which had long been known to have an atmosphere. Images taken by Pioneer11 in 1979 had indicated the atmosphere was substantial and complex, further...
environment. The first spacecraft to visit Jupiter was Pioneer 10 in 1973, followed a year later by Pioneer11. Aside from taking the first close-up pictures...
2021, at 12:42 UTC, a feat performed only four times before, by Pioneer 10, Pioneer11, Voyager 1, and Voyager 2. Voyager 1 is the farthest spacecraft...
122 AU (11.3 billion mi; 18.3 billion km) from the Sun, and Pioneer 10 is presumed to be at 107 AU (9.9 billion mi; 16.0 billion km). While Pioneer has ceased...
"The Pioneer Missions". NASA. March 26, 2007. Archived from the original on December 23, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2021. "NASA Glenn Pioneer Launch...
Pioneer 10 spacecraft was the first one to use the gravitational slingshot effect to reach escape velocity to leave Solar System. Pioneer11Pioneer 11...
S2CID 267546453. "Pioneer11 Full Mission Timeline". Dmuller.net. Archived from the original on 2012-03-03. Retrieved 2012-02-26. Young, Kelly (2005-02-11). "Saturn's...
2027 and 2028, future Pioneer program Pioneer 10, launched March 1972, completed – first to the asteroid belt and Jupiter Pioneer11, launched December 1974...
replica of the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer11 probes. Pioneer Venus Orbiter, a mission to Venus from 1978 to October 1992, officially designated Pioneer 12. This...
The Pioneer Venus Orbiter, also known as Pioneer Venus 1 or Pioneer 12, was a mission to Venus conducted by NASA as part of the Pioneer Venus project...
from Mars. However, no other dedicated dust instrumentation on Pioneer 10, Pioneer11, Galileo, Ulysses, and Cassini found an indication that Mars is...
During the 1990s, Voyager 1 overtook the slower deep-space probes Pioneer 10 and Pioneer11 to become the most distant human-made object from Earth, a record...
among their many other outer-space missions, they launched the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer11 space probes, the first two to be launched on trajectories that...
Global Information
