Artist's rendering of the Voyager spacecraft design
Mission type
Planetary exploration
Operator
NASA / JPL[1]
COSPAR ID
1977-076A[2]
SATCAT no.
10271[2]
Website
voyager.jpl.nasa.gov
Mission duration
46 years, 8 months, 23 days elapsed
Planetary mission: 12 years, 1 month, 12 days
Interstellar mission: 34 years, 7 months, 12 days elapsed
Spacecraft properties
Manufacturer
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Launch mass
721.9 kilograms (1,592 lb)[3]
Power
470 watts (at launch)
Start of mission
Launch date
August 20, 1977, 14:29:00 (1977-08-20UTC14:29Z) UTC
Rocket
Titan IIIE
Launch site
Cape Canaveral LC-41
Flyby of Jupiter
Closest approach
July 9, 1979
Distance
570,000 kilometers (350,000 mi)
Flyby of Saturn
Closest approach
August 26, 1981
Distance
101,000 km (63,000 mi)
Flyby of Uranus
Closest approach
January 24, 1986
Distance
81,500 km (50,600 mi)
Flyby of Neptune
Closest approach
August 25, 1989
Distance
4,951 km (3,076 mi)
Flagship
← Viking 2
Voyager 1 →
Heliocentric positions of the five interstellar probes (squares) and other bodies (circles) until 2020, with launch and flyby dates. Markers denote positions on 1 January of each year, with every fifth year labelled. Plot 1 is viewed from the north ecliptic pole, to scale. Plots 2 to 4 are third-angle projections at 20% scale. In the SVG file, hover over a trajectory or orbit to highlight it and its associated launches and flybys.
Voyager 2 is a space probe launched by NASA on August 20, 1977, as a part of the Voyager program. It was launched on a trajectory toward the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn and enabled further encounters with the ice giants Uranus and Neptune. It remains the only spacecraft to have visited either of the ice giant planets, and was the third of five spacecraft to achieve Solar escape velocity, which will allow it to leave the Solar System. It has been sending scientific data to Earth for 46 years, 8 months, 23 days, making it the oldest active space probe. Launched 16 days before its twin Voyager 1, the primary mission of the spacecraft was to study the outer planets and its extended mission is to study interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere.
Voyager 2 successfully fulfilled its primary mission of visiting the Jovian system in 1979, the Saturnian system in 1981, Uranian system in 1986, and the Neptunian system in 1989. The spacecraft is now in its extended mission of studying the interstellar medium. It is at a distance of 136.2 AU (20.4 billion km; 12.7 billion mi) from Earth as of April 2024[update].[4]
The probe entered the interstellar medium on November 5, 2018, at a distance of 119.7 AU (11.1 billion mi; 17.9 billion km) from the Sun[5] and moving at a velocity of 15.341 km/s (34,320 mph)[6] relative to the Sun. Voyager 2 has left the Sun's heliosphere and is traveling through the interstellar medium, though still inside the Solar System, joining Voyager 1, which had reached the interstellar medium in 2012.[7][8][9][10]Voyager 2 has begun to provide the first direct measurements of the density and temperature of the interstellar plasma.[11]
Voyager 2 remains in contact with Earth through the NASA Deep Space Network.[12] Communications are the responsibility of Australia's DSS 43 communication antenna, located near Canberra.[13]
^"Voyager: Mission Information". NASA. 1989. Archived from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2011.
^ ab"Voyager 2". US National Space Science Data Center. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
^"Voyager 2". NASA's Solar System Exploration website. Archived from the original on April 20, 2017. Retrieved December 4, 2022.
^"Voyager – Mission Status". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on January 1, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
^Staff (September 9, 2012). "Where are the Voyagers?". NASA. Archived from the original on March 10, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
^"Voyager – Mission Status". voyager.jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on January 1, 2018. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
^University of Iowa (November 4, 2019). "Voyager 2 reaches interstellar space – Iowa-led instrument detects plasma density jump, confirming spacecraft has entered the realm of the stars". EurekAlert!. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
^Chang, Kenneth (November 4, 2019). "Voyager 2's Discoveries From Interstellar Space – In its journey beyond the boundary of the solar wind's bubble, the probe observed some notable differences from its twin, Voyager 1". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 13, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
^Gill, Victoria (December 10, 2018). "Nasa's Voyager 2 probe 'leaves the Solar System'". BBC News. Archived from the original on December 15, 2019. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^Brown, Dwayne; Fox, Karen; Cofield, Calia; Potter, Sean (December 10, 2018). "Release 18–115 – NASA's Voyager 2 Probe Enters Interstellar Space". NASA. Archived from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
^"At last, Voyager 1 slips into interstellar space – Atom & Cosmos". Science News. September 12, 2013. Archived from the original on September 15, 2013. Retrieved September 17, 2013.
^NASA Voyager – The Interstellar Mission Mission Overview Archived May 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^Shannon Stirone (February 12, 2021). "Earth to Voyager 2: After a Year in the Darkness, We Can Talk to You Again – NASA's sole means of sending commands to the distant space probe, launched 44 years ago, is being restored on Friday". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
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and 1977, it enabled several high-profile NASA missions, including the Voyager and Viking planetary probes and the joint West Germany-U.S. Helios spacecraft...
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