Pieris rapae is a small- to medium-sized butterfly species of the whites-and-yellows family Pieridae. It is known in Europe as the small white, in North America as the cabbage white or cabbage butterfly,[note 1] on several continents as the small cabbage white, and in New Zealand as the white butterfly.[2] The butterfly is recognizable by its white color with small black dots on its wings, and it can be distinguished from P. brassicae by its larger size and the black band at the tip of its forewings.
The caterpillar of this species, often referred to as the "imported cabbageworm", is a pest to crucifer crops such as cabbage, kale, bok choy and broccoli. Pieris rapae is widespread in Europe and Asia; it is believed to have originated in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Europe, and to have spread across Eurasia thanks to the diversification of brassicaceous crops and the development of human trade routes. Over the past two centuries, it spread to North Africa, North America, New Zealand, and Australia, as a result of accidental introductions.[3]
^"NatureServe Explorer 2.0 Pieris rapae Cabbage White". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
^RR Scott & RM Emberson (compilers) (1999). Handbook of New Zealand Insect Names. Entomological Society of New Zealand. ISBN 978-0-9597663-5-6. Archived from the original on 2010-05-25. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
^Ryan, S.F.; et al. (2019). "Global invasion history of the agricultural pest butterfly Pieris rapae revealed with genomics and citizen science". PNAS. 116 (40): 20015–20024. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11620015R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1907492116. PMC 6778179. PMID 31506352.
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Pierisrapae is a small- to medium-sized butterfly species of the whites-and-yellows family Pieridae. It is known in Europe as the small white, in North...
Another potential enemy of P. oleracea is a member of its own genus, Pierisrapae. After introduction of this species in an area in New England populated...
butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is a close relative of the small white, Pierisrapae. The large white is common throughout Europe, North Africa and Asia....
Noctuidae genus Spodoptera (armyworms), Helicoverpa (corn earworm), or Pieris brassicae can cause extensive damage to certain crops. Helicoverpa zea larvae...
Pieris canidia, the Indian cabbage white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae found in India, Nepal and Indochina. Pierisrapae is one of the most closely...
areas where it has been transported and naturalized. Pierisrapae, the small white butterfly, and Pieris napi, the green veined white butterfly, are significant...
wallflower) is resistant to feeding and oviposition of Pieris napi macdunnoughii (synonym Pieris marginalis, margined white butterfly). Two crucifer-feeding...
Matthiola (stock) and the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress). Pierisrapae and other butterflies of the family Pieridae are some of the best-known...
larvae (caterpillars) of a few of these species, such as Pieris brassicae and Pierisrapae, commonly seen in gardens, feed on brassicas, and are notorious...
North America, Australia and New Zealand, "cabbage worms", the larvae of Pierisrapae, also known as the "small white" butterfly, are a common pest in broccoli...
have antifeedant activity against the Brassicaceae-feeding specialist Pierisrapae (cabbage butterfly). Cucurbitacins from Iberis umbellata (globe candytuft)...
as a cue for egg-laying by female cabbage white butterflies such as Pierisrapae. Indeed, the larvae of this butterfly thrive well on this plant. Diamondback...
the orange tip (Anthocharis cardamines), large white (Pieris brassicae), small white (Pierisrapae), and moths, such as Plutella porrectella. It is considered...
be developed. Introduced by accident, "cabbageworms", the larvae of Pierisrapae, are a common caterpillar pest in horseradish. Mature caterpillars chew...
illustrating complete metamorphosis in the cabbage white butterfly, Pierisrapae larva pupa pupa ready to hatch adult In cephalochordata, metamorphosis...
Pieries rapae (white cabbage butterfly) is deterred from feeding and oviposition on E. cheiranthoides. However, another pierid species, Pieris napi oleracea...
Reichel's margined white Pieris oleracea – mustard white Pieris oleracea frigida – Newfoundland white Pierisrapae – small white Pieris virginiensis – West...
insect larva. A well-studied case is that of the small white butterfly (Pierisrapae), a serious horticultural pest of Brassica species such as cabbage and...
which are met in a wide range of locations. The small white butterfly Pierisrapae for example is found on all the continents of the world apart from Antarctica...
mechanism behind ultraviolet light perception. White Cabbage Butterflies, Pierisrapae crucivora, use their private ultraviolet communication system to initiate...
Tropaeolum majus and Brassica napus. Pierisrapae is one of the closest relatives of this family. There are two subspecies: Pieris brassicoides brassicoides Guérin-Méneville...
with respect to the phylogenetically similar species ( Pieris napi , Pieris ergane, Pierisrapae ) is the presence of much more marked alar veins on both...
the Basis of Ultra-Violet Reflection, in the White Cabbage Butterfly, Pierisrapae crucivora Boisduval". Proceedings of the Japan Academy. 44 (8): 829–832...
length of the forewings is 19–25 mm. P. manni Mayer and rossii Stef [Pierisrapae var. rossii Stefanelli, 1900] are treated by us as forms of a separate...
wasp Trichogramma. Large and developed larvae of the cabbage butterfly (Pierisrapae) are attacked more effectively by meat ant workers than those of other...
coincides with the introduction, in the 1950s, of the small white butterfly (Pierisrapae). The mechanisms involved are not fully understood but a viral infection...
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