Phosphate solubilizing bacteria cultured in Petri dish. The zone of n clearance can be clearly seen.
Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are beneficial bacteria capable of solubilizing inorganic phosphorus from insoluble compounds.[1] P-solubilization ability of rhizosphere microorganisms is considered to be one of the most important traits associated with plant phosphate nutrition. It is generally accepted that the mechanism of mineral phosphate solubilization by PSB strains is associated with the release of low molecular weight organic acids, through which their hydroxyl and carboxyl groups chelate the cations [an ion that have positive charge on it.] bound to phosphate, thereby converting it into soluble forms. PSB have been introduced to the Agricultural community as phosphate Biofertilizer. Phosphorus (P) is one of the major essential macronutrients for plants and is applied to soil in the form of phosphate fertilizers. However, a large portion of soluble inorganic phosphate which is applied to the soil as chemical fertilizer is immobilized rapidly and becomes unavailable to plants.[2] Currently, the main purpose in managing soil phosphorus is to optimize crop production and minimize P loss from soils. PSB have attracted the attention of agriculturists as soil inoculums to improve the plant growth and yield. When PSB is used with rock phosphate, it can save about 50% of the crop requirement of phosphatic fertilizer.[citation needed] The use of PSB as inoculants increases P uptake by plants. Simple inoculation of seeds with PSB gives crop yield responses equivalent to 30 kg P2O5 /ha or 50 percent of the need for phosphatic fertilizers. Alternatively, PSB can be applied through fertigation or in hydroponic operations. Many different strains of these bacteria have been identified as PSB, including Pantoea agglomerans (P5), Microbacterium laevaniformans (P7) and Pseudomonas putida (P13) strains are highly efficient insoluble phosphate solubilizers. Recently, researchers at Colorado State University demonstrated that a consortium of four bacteria, synergistically solubilize phosphorus at a much faster rate than any single strain alone.[3] Mahamuni and Patil (2012) isolated four strains of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from sugarcane (VIMP01 and VIMP02) and sugar beet rhizosphere (VIMP03 and VIMP 04). Isolates were strains of Burkholderia named as VIMP01, VIMP02, VIMP03 and VIMP04. VIMP (Vasantdada Sugar Institute Isolate by Mahamuni and Patil) cultures were identified as Burkholderia cenocepacia strain VIMP01 (JQ867371), Burkholderia gladioli strain VIMP02 (JQ811557), Burkholderia gladioli strain VIMP03 (JQ867372) and Burkholderia species strain VIMP04 (JQ867373).[4]
Additionally, phosphate (P) compounds are capable of immobilizing heavy metals, especially Pb, in contaminated environments through phosphate-heavy metal precipitation. However, most P compounds are not readily soluble in soils so it is not readily used for metal immobilization. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) have the potential to enhance phosphate-induced immobilization of metals to remediate contaminated soil. However, there is a limit on the amount of phosphate which can be added to the environment due to the issue of eutrophication.[5]
Phosphate is often adsorbed onto the surface of different type of minerals, for example iron containing minerals. Recent data suggest that bacteria growing under phosphorus starvation release iron-chelating molecules. Considering the geochemical interaction between these two elements, the authors suggest that some bacteria can dissolve iron-containing minerals in order to access the adsorbed phosphate.[6]
^Y.P. Chen; P.D. Rekha; A.B. Arun; F.T. Shen; W.-A. Lai; C.C. Young (2006). "Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing abilities". Applied Soil Ecology. 34 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.12.002. (subscription required)
^Mohammad Ali Malboobi; Parviz Owlia; Mandana Behbahani; Elaheh Sarokhani; Sara Moradi; Bagher Yakhchali; Ali Deljou; Kambiz Morabbi Heravi (2009). "Solubilization of organic and inorganic phosphates by three highly efficient soil bacterial isolates". World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 25 (8): 1471–1477. doi:10.1007/s11274-009-0037-z. S2CID 55724070.
^Baas, Peter; Bell, Colin; Mancini, Lauren M.; Lee, Melanie N.; Conant, Richard T.; Wallenstein, Matthew D. (2016-06-14). "Phosphorus mobilizing consortium Mammoth P™enhances plant growth". PeerJ. 4: e2121. doi:10.7717/peerj.2121. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4911952. PMID 27326379.
^6
^Park, J. H., Bolan, N., Megharaj, M., & Naidu, R. (2011). Isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their potential for lead immobilization in soil. Journal of hazardous materials, 185(2), 829-836.
^Romano S, Bondarev V, Kölling M, Dittmar T, Schulz-Vogt HN (2017). "Phosphate limitation triggers the dissolution of precipitated iron by the marine bacterium Pseudovibrio sp. FO-BEG1". Frontiers in Microbiology. 8 (364): 364. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00364. PMC 5348524. PMID 28352252.
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bacteria, so-called phosphate-solubilizingbacteria, such as Pantoea agglomerans strain P5 or Pseudomonas putida strain P13, are able to solubilize the...
Researchers have studied the impact of lactic acid bacteria on indoleacetic acid production, phosphatesolubilization, and nitrogen fixation on citrus. While most...
Phosphorite, phosphate rock or rock phosphate is a non-detrital sedimentary rock that contains high amounts of phosphate minerals. The phosphate content of...
JSTOR 1939481. Retrieved 26 November 2023. Kucey, Reg M.N. (1983). "Phosphate-solubilizingbacteria and fungi in various cultivated and virgin Alberta soils"....
(2014-07-07). "The potential of phosphatesolubilizingbacteria isolated from sugarcane wastes for solubilizingphosphate". Journal of Degraded and Mining...
genus Rhizobium is a typical example. Rhizobium is also capable of solubilizingphosphate. Martinus Beijerinck was the first to isolate and cultivate a microorganism...
the surrounding soil. Phosphatesolubilizing rhizobacteria are the most common MHB that aids in phosphorus uptake. The bacteria are involved in this process...
and markets three types of Bio-Fertilizers namely Rhizobium, PhosphateSolubilizingBacteria (PSB) and Azotobacter. Starting with a mere 23 MT production...
dithiothreitol (DTT). It may be the most widely used lysis buffer. The solubilizing agent is NP-40, which can be replaced by other detergents at different...
M. E.; Mateos, P. F.; Gillis, M.; Martínez-Molina, E. (2007). Phosphatesolubilizing rhizobia originating from Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella grown...
chlorophyll-based photosynthesis. Haloarchaea have a potential to solubilize phosphorus. Phosphorus-solubilizing halophilic archaea may well play a role in P (phosphorus)...
Y (2007), "Genetics of phosphatesolubilization and its potential applications for improving plant growth-promoting bacteria", First International Meeting...
phosphorus cycle in the environment. Microorganisms play a role in solubilizingphosphate, improving soil health and plant growth. Due to the high level of...
anaerobic digestion: Hydrolysis: A chemical reaction where particulates are solubilized and large polymers converted into simpler monomers; Acidogenesis: A biological...
before planting. LAB (diluted 5-10000:1) solubilizesphosphate in phosphate-accumulated soil and encourages phosphate decomposition. Sun-dried salt can be...
roots of Lupinus albus L.; effects on soil solution concentrations of phosphate, iron, and aluminum in the proteoid rhizosphere in samples of an oxisol...
chelation agent, that also acts alone (bacteriostatically against some bacteria) and synergistically with some other antimicrobial agents. Newer generic...
Bacillus Megatherium Isolates. I. In Viro Evoluation of Tri-Calcium PhosphateSolubilizing Potential and Growth Pattern. J Am Sc 6:111–115 (2010) Du, X. et...
administered. Vinegar is not recommended to be given, as it assists in solubilizing insoluble copper salts. The inflammatory symptoms are to be treated on...
two phosphate units are combined) that release energy when needed. ATP can undergo hydrolysis in two ways: Firstly, the removal of terminal phosphate to...
Kushneria phosphatilytica is a Gram-negative, phosphate-solubilizing, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-endospore-forming, halophilic and motile bacterium from...
Nijhuisa (2010), "Applied Soil Ecology 46", Selection of phosphorus solubilizingbacteria with biocontrol potential for growth in phosphorus rich animal bone...
peroxisomal matrix enzymes GNPAT (glycerone phosphate acyl transferase) and AGPS (alkyl-glycerone phosphate synthase) on the luminal side of the peroxisomal...
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