This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Phosphagen" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Phosphagens, also known as macroergic compounds, are high energy storage compounds, also known as high-energy phosphate compounds, chiefly found in muscular tissue in animals. They allow a high-energy phosphate pool to be maintained in a concentration range, which, if it all were adenosine triphosphate (ATP), would create problems due to the ATP-consuming reactions in these tissues. As muscle tissues can have sudden demands for much energy, these compounds can maintain a reserve of high-energy phosphates that can be used as needed, to provide the energy that could not be immediately supplied by glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation. Phosphagens supply immediate but limited energy.
The actual biomolecule used as a phosphagen is dependent on the organism. The majority of animals use arginine as phosphagen; however, the phylum Chordata (i.e., animals with spinal cords) use creatine. Creatine phosphate (CP), or phosphocreatine (PCr), is made from ATP by the enzyme creatine kinase in a reversible reaction:
Creatine + ATP ⇌ creatine phosphate + ADP + H+ (this reaction is Mg2+-dependent)
However, annelids (segmented worms) use a set of unique phosphagens; for example, earthworms use the compound lombricine.
Phosphagens were discovered by Philip Eggleton and his wife Grace Eggleton.[1]
^Selected Topics in the History of Biochemistry, G Semenza
Phosphagens, also known as macroergic compounds, are high energy storage compounds, also known as high-energy phosphate compounds, chiefly found in muscular...
by the other.: 8–9 Three processes can synthesize ATP: ATP–CP system (phosphagen system) – At maximum intensity, this system is used for up to 10–15 seconds...
anaerobic pathways, such as the use of the creatine phosphate and the phosphagen system or anaerobic glycolysis. Aerobic ATP production is biochemically...
most of the energy required for contraction is derived from phosphagens. One such phosphagen, creatine phosphate, is used to provide ADP with a phosphate...
requires protein catabolism to sustain the free amino acids. When the phosphagen system (ATP-PCr) has been depleted of phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate)...
that last up to about thirty seconds rely primarily on the former ATP-CP phosphagen system. Beyond this time, both aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis-based...
anaerobic activity, such as weightlifting and isometric exercise, the phosphagen system (ATP-PCr) and muscle glycogen are the only substrates used as they...
Lombricine is a phosphagen that is unique to earthworms. Structurally, it is a phosphodiester of 2-guanidinoethanol and D-serine (not the usual L-serine)...
Other names Creatine phosphate; phosphorylcreatine; creatine-P; phosphagen; fosfocreatine Identifiers CAS Number 67-07-2 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive...
introduced the compound to the sports nutrition market under the name Phosphagen. Research performed thereafter demonstrated that the consumption of high...
lecturer, and (with his wife Grace Palmer Eggleton), co-discoverer of Phosphagens. Eggleton was born at Kingston-on-Thames on 19 March 1903. He attended...
glycolytic block, there is an energy shortage in the muscle cells after the phosphagen system has been depleted. The heart tries to compensate for the energy...
and ADP are often referred to as high-energy phosphates, as are the phosphagens in muscle tissue. Similar reactions exist for the other nucleoside diphosphates...
common use include phosphagen phosphokinase, and ATP:agmatine 4-N-phosphotransferase. Piccinni E, Coppellotti O (1979). "Phosphagens in protozoa. II. Presence...
manganese and magnesium in animal metabolism" "The demonstration that phosphagen is the direct energy producing substance of the muscular contraction"...
Newsholme EA (October 1975). "The contents of adenine nucleotides, phosphagens and some glycolytic intermediates in resting muscles from vertebrates...
levels of AMP and creatine (use of creatine kinase and myokinase in the phosphagen system due to low ATP);[non-primary source needed] increased pyruvate;[non-primary...
development of vertebrates with reference to nitrogenous excretory products. Phosphagens are energy reservoirs of animals. They are present in the muscles. They...
versus aerobic exercise (blood flow unrestricted); anaerobic metabolism (phosphagen system and anaerobic glycolysis - ATP produced without oxygen, regardless...
reservoir is low. The myokinase reaction is one of three reactions in the phosphagen system (ATP-PCr), with the myokinase reaction occurring after phosphocreatine...
Director of the Natural History Museum Philip Eggleton, discoverer of Phosphagens Chris Heaton-Harris, Conservative MP for Daventry (1979–86) Dennis Lindley...
Biochem. J. 73: 30–33. van Thoai N, Robin Y, Guillou Y (1972). "A new phosphagen, N'-phosphorylguanidinoethylphospho-O-( -N,N-dimethyl)serine (phosphothalassemine)"...
Newsholme EA (October 1975). "The contents of adenine nucleotides, phosphagens and some glycolytic intermediates in resting muscles from vertebrates...
spent the summer of 1948 at the Marine Biological Laboratory, studying phosphagen in invertebrates. In 1949, Baldwin was Joint Honorary Secretary and member...
Global Information