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Philip II
Bust of Philip II, Roman copy from a Greek original, from the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen.
King of Macedonia
Reign
359 – 21 October 336 BC
Predecessor
Amyntas IV
Successor
Alexander the Great
Hegemon of
the Hellenic League[1]
Reign
337 BC
Successor
Alexander the Great
Born
382 BC Pella, Macedon (modern-day Pella, Greece)
Died
21 October 336 BC (aged 46) Aigai, Macedon (modern-day Vergina, Greece)
Burial
Aigai, Macedon (modern-day Vergina, Greece)
Wives
Audata
Phila
Nicesipolis
Olympias
Philinna
Meda of Odessos
Cleopatra Eurydice
Issue
Cynane
Philip III
Alexander the Great
Cleopatra
Thessalonica
Europa
Caranus
Names
Philip II of Macedon
Greek
Φίλιππος
House
Argead dynasty
Father
Amyntas III
Mother
Eurydice I
Religion
Ancient Greek religion
Philip II of Macedon[2] (Greek: ΦίλιπποςPhilippos; 382 BC – 21 October 336 BC) was the king (basileus) of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from 359 BC until his death in 336 BC.[3] He was a member of the Argead dynasty, founders of the ancient kingdom, and the father of Alexander the Great.
The rise of Macedon, including its conquest and political consolidation of most of Classical Greece during his reign, was achieved by his reformation of the army (the establishment of the Macedonian phalanx that proved critical in securing victories on the battlefield), his extensive use of siege engines, and his use of effective diplomacy and marriage alliances.
After defeating the Greek city-states of Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC, Philip II led the effort to establish a federation of Greek states known as the League of Corinth, with him as the elected hegemon and commander-in-chief[4] of Greece for a planned invasion of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia. However, his assassination by a royal bodyguard, Pausanias of Orestis, led to the immediate succession of his son Alexander, who would go on to invade the Achaemenid Empire in his father's stead.
^Pohlenz, Max (1966). Freedom in Greek life and thought: the history of an ideal. Springer. p. 20. ISBN 978-9027700094.
^Worthington, Ian. 2008. Philip II of Macedonia. New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0300164763
^Cosmopoulos, Michael B. 1992. Macedonia: An Introduction to its Political History. Winnipeg: Manitoba Studies in Classical Civilization, p. 30 (Table 2: The Argeiad Kings).
PhilipIIofMacedon (Greek: Φίλιππος Philippos; 382 BC – 21 October 336 BC) was the king (basileus) of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from 359 BC until...
and later queen regent of Epirus. The daughter ofPhilipIIofMacedon and Olympias of Epirus, she was the only full sibling of Alexander the Great. Her...
Under the reign ofPhilipII (359–336 BC), the ancient kingdom of Macedonia, initially at the periphery of classical Greek affairs, came to dominate Ancient...
ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia from 323 until his execution in 317 BC. He was a son of King PhilipIIofMacedon by Philinna of Larissa, and thus an...
daughter of King PhilipIIofMacedon by his Thessalian wife or concubine, Nicesipolis. History links her to three of the most powerful men in Macedon—daughter...
noblewoman, niece of Attalus, and last of the seven wives ofPhilipIIofMacedon, but the first Macedonian one. Cleopatra was a maiden whom PhilipII married either...
army of the Kingdom ofMacedon was among the greatest military forces of the ancient world. It was created and made formidable by King PhilipIIof Macedon;...
Eurydice, was the Queen consort ofMacedon, wife ofPhilip III and daughter of Amyntas IV and Cynane. The exact year of Eurydice's birth is unknown, but...
Philippa. Philip I ofMacedonPhilipIIofMacedon, father of Alexander the Great Philip III ofMacedon, half-brother of Alexander the Great Philip IV of Macedon...
city was renamed by PhilipIIofMacedon in 356 BC and abandoned in the 14th century after the Ottoman conquest. The present village of Filippoi is located...
person as Argaeus IIofMacedon. This Argaeus had persuaded the Athenians to support his claim to the Macedonian throne, but PhilipII, who had just succeeded...
include under the rule of Macedonia all Upper Macedonian states. The family's most celebrated members were PhilipIIofMacedon and his son Alexander the...
a king of the ancient Greek kingdom ofMacedon. He succeeded his father PhilipII to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20 and spent most of his ruling...
remains of King PhilipIIofMacedon. In 1977/8, archaeologist Manolis Andronikos led excavations of burial mounds at the small Central Macedonian town of Vergina...
was the grandson ofPhilipIIofMacedon. Because Roxana was pregnant when Alexander the Great died on 11 June 323 BC and the sex of the baby was unknown...
speaker. A prominent example involves PhilipIIofMacedon. After invading southern Greece and receiving the submission of other key city-states, he turned...
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