For the followers of the Vilna Gaon, see Perushim. For the followers of the Zoroastrian faith, see Parsi.
"Parush" redirects here. For places in Iran, see Parush, Iran.
Pharisees
פרושים
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Simeon ben Shetach
Salome Alexandra
Hyrcanus II
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167 BCE
Dissolved
73 CE
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The Pharisees (/ˈfærəsiːz/; Hebrew: פְּרוּשִׁים, romanized: Pərūšīm, lit. 'separated ones') were a Jewish social movement and a school of thought in the Levant during the time of Second Temple Judaism. After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD, Pharisaic beliefs became the foundational, liturgical, and ritualistic basis for Rabbinic Judaism.
Conflicts between Pharisees and Sadducees took place in the context of much broader and longstanding social and religious conflicts among Jews, made worse by the Roman conquest.[2] One conflict was cultural, between those who favored Hellenization (the Sadducees) and those who resisted it (the Pharisees). Another was juridical-religious, between those who emphasized the importance of the Temple with its rites and services, and those who emphasized the importance of other Mosaic Laws. A specifically religious point of conflict involved different interpretations of the Torah and how to apply it to current Jewish life, with Sadducees recognizing only the Written Torah and rejecting Prophets, Writings, and doctrines such as the Oral Torah and the resurrection of the dead.
Josephus (c. 37 – c. 100 CE), believed by many historians to have been a Pharisee, estimated the total Pharisee population before the fall of the Second Temple to be around 6,000.[3] He claimed that the Pharisees' influence over the common people was so great that anything they said against the king or the high priest was believed,[4] apparently in contrast to the more elite Sadducees, who were the upper class. Pharisees claimed Mosaic authority for their interpretation[5] of Jewish religious law, while Sadducees represented the authority of the priestly privileges and prerogatives established since the days of Solomon, when Zadok, their ancestor, officiated as high priest.
Pharisees are notable by the numerous references to them in the New Testament. While the writers record hostilities between the Pharisees and Jesus, they also reference Pharisees who believed in him, including Nicodemus, who said it is known that Jesus is a teacher sent from God,[6] Joseph of Arimathea, who was a disciple,[7] and an unknown number of "those of the party of the Pharisees who believed",[8] among them the Apostle Paul – a student of Gamaliel,[9] who warned the Sanhedrin that opposing the disciples of Jesus could prove to be tantamount to opposing God.[10][11][12]
^Roth, Cecil (1961). A History of the Jews. Schocken Books. p. 84. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
^Sussman, Ayala; Peled, Ruth. "The Dead Sea Scrolls: History & Overview". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
^Antiquities of the Jews, 17.42
^Josephus, Flavius. The Antiquities of the Jews, 13.288.
^Ber. 48b; Shab. 14b; Yoma 80a; Yeb. 16a; Nazir 53a; Ḥul. 137b; et al.
depictions of Pharisees as self-righteous rule-followers (see also Woes of the Pharisees and Legalism (theology)), the word "pharisee" (and its derivatives:...
exalted.” The New Testament often depicts Pharisees as displaying a punctilious adherence to Jewish law. The Pharisee depicted in this parable went beyond...
proposed by the Pharisees. Rather, they saw the Written Torah as the sole source of divine authority. Later writings of the Pharisees criticized this...
The Woes of the Pharisees are a series of criticisms by Jesus against scribes and Pharisees recorded in Luke 11:37–54 and Matthew 23:1–39. Mark 12:35–40...
Simon was a Pharisee mentioned in the Gospel of Luke (Luke 7:36-50) as the host of a meal, who invited Jesus to eat in his house but failed to show him...
against the Pharisees. The chapter is also known as the Woes of the Pharisees or the "Seven Woes". In this chapter, Jesus accuses the Pharisees of hypocrisy...
Christians, and Pharisees. Some scholars, such as Daniel Boyarin and Paula Fredricksen, suggest that it was at this time, when Christians and Pharisees were competing...
were Galilean Sadducees and Pharisees, of whom mention is made in the Misna", and distinct from the scribes and Pharisees who were from Jerusalem, mentioned...
Lestai or Sicarii. The Pharisees were a powerful force in 1st-century Judea. Early Christians shared several beliefs of the Pharisees, such as resurrection...
The Feast in the House of Simon the Pharisee may refer to: The Feast in the House of Simon the Pharisee (Romanino), a c. 1545 oil on canvas painting,...
And the Pharisees and scribes complained, saying, "This Man receives sinners and eats with them." Meyer compares the murmuring of the Pharisees and scribes...
Talmud that say, during her husband's reign, that she protected Pharisees and hid Pharisees from his wrath." Nevertheless, the married life of the royal...
identified with Simon the Leper): One of the Pharisees invited him to eat with him. He entered into the Pharisee's house, and sat at the table. Behold, a woman...
other Jews, particularly with its sharp criticism of the scribes and Pharisees with the position that through their rejection of Christ, the Kingdom...
centuries took an interest in Josephus's relationship to the sect of the Pharisees.[citation needed] Some[who?] portrayed him as a member of the sect and...
as hakKof (perhaps "the Monkey", a play on his name for opposing the Pharisees). The family name Caiaphas קַיָּפָה has a few possible origins:[citation...
critical of Pharisees. Not all Pharisees, nor all Jews of that time, were legalistic. Though modern language has used the word Pharisee in the pejorative...
same time as the Pharisees. Like the Pharisees, the Herodians wanted political independence for the Jewish people. Unlike the Pharisees, who sought to restore...
order to mislead the Pharisees in their calculation of the new moon. Another point of dispute between the Boethusians and the Pharisees was whether the high...
adherence of the Pharisees to the laws and traditions of the Jewish people in the face of assimilation. As Josephus noted, the Pharisees were considered...
House of Simon the Pharisee may refer to: Feast in the House of Simon the Pharisee (Rubens) Supper in the House of Simon the Pharisee (Moretto) This disambiguation...
John fast often, and make prayers, and likewise the disciples of the Pharisees; but thine eat and drink? And he said unto them, Can ye make the children...
spoken". This chapter develops Matthew's account of the hostility which the Pharisees, (one of the sects of Second Temple Judaism), showed towards Jesus and...
first member of a trilogy about redemption that Jesus tells after the Pharisees and religious leaders accuse him of welcoming and eating with "sinners...
Christians appear to have been closest to that of the Pharisees. Steve Mason notes that for the Pharisees, "the new body is a special, holy body", which is...
appearing in Luke 15:11–32. Jesus shares the parable with his disciples, the Pharisees, and others. In the story, a father has two sons. The younger son asks...